ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2025
The Impact of Menopause on Autoimmune and Rheumatic Diseases.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Menopause and Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.Inflammatory bowel diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Menopause status and its role in incident Alzheimer's disease and related dementias, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease severity, and overall mortality in women with RA.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2026Article
- Psychological Stress and Anxiety in Autoimmune Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phytocompounds with immunomodulatory activities: mechanisms, therapeutic potential, and clinical prospects.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- The Liver-Heart Axis in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Associations of Liver Fibrosis, Organokines, Endothelin-1, and Cardiovascular Risk.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex and gender differences in rheumatology: clinical impact and future directions.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Electronic health record mining reveals effects of patient immune status on clinical outcomes of biomaterial implantation following skeletal muscle damage.Biomaterials science · 2026Article
- Systemic immune-inflammation index: a novel tool for hypertension management in primary care.BMC primary care · 2026Article
- Advancing evidence-based regulation: Organization for the Study of Sex Differences and Society for Women's Health Research support FDA action on menopausal hormone therapy and encourage broader sex-informed drug label updates.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Precision nutrition guided by genomic and functional assessments in postmenopause: a case report.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Early control or gradual relief? Gender-specific real-world insights into omalizumab response in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2026Article
- The multisystem impact of perimenopausal hormonal fluctuations on chronic disease risk.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in myeloid cells: a central deficit in autoimmune diseases.Trends in immunology · 2025Review
- Electronic health record mining reveals effects of patient immune status on clinical outcomes of biomaterial implantation following skeletal muscle damage.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Can Sex-based Variations in the Immune Responses to AAV Gene Therapy Affect Safety and Efficacy? A Review of Current Understanding.The AAPS journal · 2025Review
- Unveiling Sex-Related Variability in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Call for Personalized Care.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevalence of autoimmune and rheumatological diseases is significantly higher in women, likely due to the effect of sex hormones influencing the development and function of the immune system, a phenomenon observed particularly during pregnancy. Oestrogens, in particular, appear to be a major factor in modulating the immune response, as their receptors are present in nearly all immune cells, where they regulate the expression of genes involved in inflammation. However, there is limited data on how menopause impacts autoimmune diseases, despite evidence suggesting that the menopausal perturbation of hormone levels may lead to the development of autoimmune conditions or alter the course of an already established disease. This review focuses on rheumatic conditions, aiming to provide a comprehensive understanding of how menopause influences the onset, progression, and clinical features of autoimmune diseases. The best evidence is available for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, two paradigmatic autoimmune diseases in which menopause elicits opposite outcomes. Despite these data, there is a notable lack of evidence and research on the impact of menopause in other inflammatory arthritis and connective tissue diseases. This gap highlights a crucial area for future research and unmet needs to be addressed. Understanding how menopausal changes impact autoimmunity and rheumatic diseases will be crucial for improving the management of autoimmune and rheumatological diseases in women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.