Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40116885›Full record

ArticleArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2025

T-shaped dysmorphic uterus: discrepancies between current 3D-ultrasound diagnostic criteria.

Giulia Monaco, Elvira Nocita, Aikaterini Selntigia, Consuelo Russo, Daniele Farsetti, Sabrina Reppuccia, Carlo De Angelis, Brunella Zizolfi, Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo, Caterina Exacoustos

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Article in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Metroplasty before IVF in women with a T-shaped uterus: A clinical challenge.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Giulia MonacoDepartment of Surgical Sciences Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Elvira NocitaDepartment of Surgical Sciences Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Aikaterini SelntigiaDepartment of Surgical Sciences Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Consuelo RussoDepartment of Surgical Sciences Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Daniele FarsettiDepartment of Surgical Sciences Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy.
Sabrina ReppucciaDepartment of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Carlo De AngelisDepartment of Maternal and Child Health and Urological Sciences, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
Brunella ZizolfiDepartment of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Attilio Di Spiezio SardoDepartment of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
Caterina ExacoustosDepartment of Surgical Sciences Obstetrics and Gynecological Clinic, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133, Rome, Italy. caterina.exacoustos@uniroma2.it.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeReview and compare current classifications for diagnosing T-shaped uterus using three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound (3D-TVS) measurements, identifying measurements that best correlate with the diagnosis.

methodsThis retrospective cohort study analyzed diagnostic measurements in patients with T-shaped uterus who underwent 3D-TVS at the University of Rome 'Tor Vergata' from 2016 to 2022. Of 7588 patients, four sonographers re-evaluated 3D-TVS images of 72 initially diagnosed cases. Uterine morphology was assessed in the coronal plane by measuring fundal cavity width (R0), corpus-isthmic cavity width (Wi), lateral indentation angle (AI), lateral bulging (LB), T-angle (AT), fundal/isthmic cavity width ratio (R0/Wi), and the length of intracavitary line parallel to interostial line (R10). All cases were confirmed by hysteroscopy, excluding ambiguous findings.

resultsOf 72 initially evaluated patients, 50 met the inclusion criteria for final analysis. These patients had consistent 3D-TVS diagnoses from four sonographers and hysteroscopic confirmation from two experts. The combination of three CUME criteria (AT ≤ 40°, AI ≤ 130°, LB ≥ 7 mm) identified only 8% of T-shaped uteri. Notably, 30 patients (60%) had an R10 measurement of ≤ 10 mm. In addition, 31 uteri (62%) met all three criteria: LB ≥ 5 mm, AI ≤ 140°, and R0/Wi ≥ 5. Overall, 48 uteri (96%) satisfied at least two criteria. The study concluded that LB, R10, and R0/Wi are independent predictors of T-shaped uterus.

conclusionsSignificant discrepancies exist among current classifications for diagnosing T-shaped uterus. This study identified LB, R10, and R0/Wi as key parameters for accurate diagnosis. These measurements provide a precise and objective approach, aiding in the evaluation of the anomaly's impact on reproductive outcomes and the benefits of hysteroscopic treatment.

Indexed as

Imaging, Three-DimensionalUrogenital AbnormalitiesUterusAdultFemaleHumansHysteroscopyMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesUltrasonography3D transvaginal ultrasoundT-shaped uterusUterine congenital anomalies

Identifiers

PMID40116885
PMCPMC12055909

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.