ArticleThe Laryngoscope2025
Cytological Alterations of Benign Thyroid Nodules Following Radiofrequency Ablation.
Article in The Laryngoscope, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Fibrosis-Driven Surgical Risk After Thyroid Nodule Ablation: Quantitative Clinicopathological Determinants of Complications in Post-Ablative Thyroidectomy-A Retrospective Cohort Study.World journal of surgery · 2026Article
- Cytological Alterations of Benign Thyroid Nodules Following Radiofrequency Ablation.The Laryngoscope · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a minimally invasive treatment for benign thyroid nodules. However, concerns exist about potential cytological progression following RFA. This study investigated the incidence of progression from benign (Bethesda II) to indeterminate (Bethesda III-IV) cytology and evaluated RFA's long-term efficacy and safety.
methodsThis prospective study included patients with benign thyroid nodules treated with RFA from July 2019 to December 2023. Pre- and post-ablation fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology results were analyzed. Treatment efficacy was assessed through nodular volume changes and thyroid function, while safety was evaluated through complication rates.
resultsAmong 312 benign thyroid nodules treated with RFA, post-ablation FNA showed 12 cases (3.84%) progressed to Bethesda III, all confirmed benign by Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier. Three patients underwent surgical resection due to inadequate volume reduction, with histopathology confirming benign nature. RFA achieved sustained nodular volume reduction, with a median reduction rate of 88% at 60 months. The overall complication rate was 3.2%, with no major complications requiring hospitalization.
conclusionsRFA demonstrates low risk of cytological progression and high efficacy in treating benign thyroid nodules. The significant volume reduction and favorable safety profile support RFA as a viable surgical alternative in selected patients. Future studies with larger cohorts and longer follow-up are needed to validate these findings and identify treatment success predictors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3:
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