Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40116032›Full record

SynthesisEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2025

Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023.

Xue Shang, Ruhao Zhang, Junyao Zheng, Yi Luo, Kangle Guo, Qingqing Zhou, Xu Guang, Ning Zhang, Hao Xue, Haidong Wang and 3 more

Abstract readMeta-AnalysisReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Common respiratory virus spectrum and epidemiological trends among children in Northwest China during the post-COVID-19 era.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Xue ShangSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Ruhao ZhangSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Junyao ZhengChina Institute for Urban Governance, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Yi LuoShanxi Provincial Health Industry Association Service Center, Shaanxi, China.
Kangle GuoDepartment of Infection Management, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Gansu, China.
Qingqing ZhouSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Xu GuangSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Ning ZhangVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
Hao XueStanford Center on China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
Haidong WangSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Chunfu YangSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Zhen ZhangShenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China.
Bin ZhuSchool of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundAmbient temperature may affect respiratory health, while the temperature sensitivity of respiratory infections may be pathogen-dependent.AimsWe sought to explore pathogen-specific associations between ambient temperature and respiratory infections.MethodsWe searched nine databases for a random-effects meta-analysis to pool the relative risk (RR) of respiratory infection by pathogen per 1° C temperature rise, compared to populations unexposed to the same temperature. We conducted pathogen-specific analyses, sensitivity analyses, subgroup analyses and meta-regression.ResultsA total of 137 studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled and single-study estimates revealed that the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus (RR = 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.09-0.23), influenza virus (IV) (RR = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.27-0.61), human metapneumovirus (RR = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.32-0.73), human coronavirus (HCoV) (RR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.07-0.61) and SARS-CoV-2 (RR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.35-0.78) decreased per 1° C temperature rise, while that of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) (RR = 2.35; 95% CI: 1.46-3.77), human bocavirus (HBoV) (RR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.04-3.32) and MERS-CoV (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04-1.07) increased. The risk of infection was lower for IVA, IVB, HCoV-229E and HCoV-OC43, while HPIV-3, and HBoV-1 were at increased risk. The risk of

Indexed as

Respiratory Tract InfectionsTemperatureGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceInfluenza, HumanMetapneumovirusRespiratory Syncytial Virus Infectionsbacterial infectionsclimate changeHaemophilus influenzaehuman metapneumovirusinfluenza virusPseudomonas aeruginosarespiratory infectionsrespiratory syncytial virusStreptococcus pneumoniaeviral infections

Identifiers

PMID40116032
PMCPMC11927074

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.