ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
Neurological long COVID in the outpatient clinic: Is it so long?
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Astroglia-mediated neuroinflammation as a putative mechanism of neurological outcomes in COVID-19? Insights from a Brazilian cohort.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- The Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive Dysfunction in Long COVID: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Neurological long COVID in the outpatient clinic: Is it so long?European journal of neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeNeurological involvement in long COVID (coronavirus disease 2019) is well known. In a previous study we identified two subtypes of neurological long COVID, one characterized by memory disturbances, psychological impairment, headache, anosmia and ageusia, and the other characterized by peripheral nervous system involvement, each of which present a different risk factor profile. In this study, we aimed to clarify the persistence of neurological long COVID symptoms with a significantly longer term follow-up.
methodsWe prospectively collected data from patients with prior COVID-19 infection who showed symptoms of neurological long COVID. We conducted a descriptive analysis to investigate the progression of neurological symptoms over time at 3-, 6-, 12-, and 18-month follow-ups. We performed a k-means clustering analysis on the temporal evolution of the symptoms at 6, 12, and 18 months. Finally, we assessed the difference between the recovery course of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients by computing the cumulative recovery rate of symptoms in the two groups.
resultsThe study confirmed the presence of two subtypes of neurological long COVID. Further, 50% of patients presented a complete resolution of symptoms at 18 months of follow-up, regardless of which subtype of neurological long COVID they had. Vaccination against SARS-Cov-2 appeared to imply a higher overall recovery rate for all neurological symptoms, although the statistical reliability of this finding is hampered by the limited sample size of the unvaccinated patients included in this study.
conclusionsNeurological long COVID can undergo complete resolution after 18 months of follow-up in 50% of patients and vaccination can accelerate the recovery.
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