ArticleCureus2025
Neurofeedback for COVID-19 Brain Fog: A Secondary Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This secondary analysis technical report uses quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) neurofeedback to treat brain fog, a group of cognitive challenges such as sluggish thinking, memory lapses, confusion, and poor focus, often observed in long COVID. In the original case report, a 34-year-old female patient was administered approximately 15 sessions of Z-score neurofeedback. Pretest and post-test neurofeedback training qEEG reported significant declines in high-beta activity, i.e., beta, Hi beta, beta 1, and beta 3, and notable increases in alpha and theta brainwaves. These improvements were most evident at electrode sites C4, F3, and P3. The patient reported improved attention and memory, reduced anxiety, and less pain, although depression reduction was less. These results suggest that a relatively short program of neurofeedback can assist in shifting the brain from hyperarousal to a calmer, more efficient state. This may potentially offer a non-pharmacological method for treating constant post-COVID brain fog. Additional studies are necessary to validate these findings.
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Registered trials
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