ArticleCureus2025
Evaluating the Impact of Optokinetic Stimulation on Weight Balance and Muscle Strength in Healthy Individuals in Virtual Reality During Squats.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Asymmetry in lower limb muscle strength and weight-bearing imbalance, commonly observed among athletes, individuals with unilateral impairments, and stroke survivors, require targeted interventions to correct left-right imbalances. Such corrections are essential for enhancing athletic performance, minimizing injury risks in athletes, and improving gait functionality and daily activity efficiency in patients. This study explored, in healthy participants, the potential of combining squat training with optokinetic stimulation (OKS) in an immersive environment to improve left-right balance and address asymmetries in muscle activity and weight distribution. Methodology OKS was delivered using a random dot pattern rotating around either the longitudinal axis (horizontal OKS (HOKS)) or the frontal axis (torsional OKS (TOKS)) during squats. Weight-bearing was evaluated by analyzing the center of pressure (CoP) position and foot pressure (FP). Electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the following four leg muscles: the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, semitendinosus, and biceps femoris. Results Both HOKS and TOKS increased the CoP sway during squats by 38.6% and 58.6%, respectively, compared to the control. However, only TOKS caused a significant weight-bearing shift toward the stimulus side. During TOKS, FP significantly increased by 10.9% on the stimulus side and decreased by 8.9% on the non-stimulus side, reinforcing the weight-bearing shift. Additionally, EMG activity was significantly elevated by 3.4% on the stimulus side during TOKS, both during the flexion and extension phases. Safety was confirmed during all measurements. Conclusions These findings indicate that TOKS induces a shift in weight-bearing and enhances muscle activity, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic intervention for correcting asymmetrical patterns in muscle activity and weight distribution.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.