ArticleTranslational pediatrics2025
Peripheral blood cytokine expression levels and their clinical significance in children with influenza.
Article in Translational pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Analysis of Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Gene Response Patterns in Patients Receiving Phage Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Cytokine levels in the peripheral blood of children infected with the influenza A virus are significantly associated with disease diagnosis and severity. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the expression levels of six cytokines in the peripheral blood of pediatric patients with influenza and the diagnosis and severity of their condition. Methods: The levels of six cytokines were measured using a flow cytometric microsphere array. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0 to compare differences between the groups, with a P value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the levels of interferon alpha-2 (IFN-α2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were significantly elevated in the influenza group (P≤0.001). IL-18 levels were higher in the H3N2 group than in the H1N1 group (P=0.03), and IFN-α2 levels were higher in the Mycoplasma coinfection group compared to the influenza-only group (P=0.04). Notably, significant differences in IFN-α2 and MCP-1 levels were observed between the mild-moderate and severe influenza A subgroups (P=0.008, P=0.01, respectively). Negative correlations were found between the severity of influenza A and the levels of IFN-α2 and MCP-1 (r=-0.357, P=0.006 and r=-0.329, P=0.01, respectively). Multifactorial logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified IFN-α2 and MCP-1 as independent risk factors for severe influenza A. Conclusions: Inflammatory cytokine levels are critical in modulating the immune and inflammatory responses of the body. IFN-α2 and MCP-1 could serve as early indicators of severe influenza A. IL-18 levels were significantly higher in the H3N2 group compared to the H1N1 group, this finding may aid in differentiating between influenza subtypes, providing insights for tailored interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.