ArticlePeerJ2025
CD161, a promising prognostic biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma, correlates with immune infiltration.
Article in PeerJ, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- KLRB1 gene in tumor immune regulation and disease prognosis: a multidimensional role review.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- CLEC2B-KLRB1 axis acts as an immune checkpoint, governing the exhaustion of CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Reed-Sternberg cells express CD161 and lectin-like transcript 1 in Hodgkin lymphoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: CD161, encoded by the killer cell lectin-like receptor B1 ( Methods: A total of 109 HCC patients who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemistry, bioinformatic analyses, and statistical measurements were used to investigate the associations between CD161 expression, immune cell infiltration, and clinical outcomes in both public databases and in-house cohorts. Results: CD161 was highly expressed at both protein and mRNA levels in adjacent normal tissues compared to tumor tissues of HCC patients. Meanwhile, CD161 was enriched in HCC cases characterized by smaller tumor sizes (≤5 cm) and the absence of portal vein tumor thrombus. Individuals with high CD161 expression showed extended overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) compared to those with lower CD161 levels. CD161 was identified as an independent prognostic indicator for both OS and RFS. In addition, the enrichment analysis indicated a close correlation between CD161 and immune response, as well as between CD161 and the signaling pathways of cytokines and chemokines, implying its role in immune regulation during cancer development. Specifically, CD161 expression was positively associated with immunomodulators and tumor-infiltrating immune cells, especially CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells, and dendritic cells. Multiple public databases showed that patients with high CD161 expression were more likely to derive benefits from immunotherapy. Conclusion: CD161 was identified as a promising prognostic biomarker for HCC, as its expression indicates a favorable prognosis. Additionally, CD161 is closely linked to high infiltration of immune cells, participates in the regulation of the tumor immune microenvironment, and holds promise as a potential biomarker for predicting the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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