Quality of life in patients with HBV infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Despite nearly 250 million people worldwide estimated to have chronic HBV infection, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in HBV-related disease has not been well characterised. Here, we summarise existing data on HBV-related HRQOL and quantify summary utility values by stage of disease. Methods: Embase, Global Health, PubMed, and Web of Science were searched for articles investigating HBV HRQOL. Meta-analyses for utility scores were pooled by stage of disease and utility instrument; meta-regression was further adjusted for the effect of current health expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (CHE/GDP), as a proxy of the importance of healthcare perceived by different countries. Results: Twenty-two articles from 19 studies, comprising 10,311 patients, were included. Of these studies, 74% were performed in the Western Pacific Region, and 47% used the EuroQoL-5D-3L instrument. HRQOL was found to decrease with advancing stages of HBV-related disease. Meta-regression showed the following predicted mean utility scores for the different stages of chronic HBV infection: non-cirrhotic, 0.842; compensated cirrhosis, 0.820 ( Conclusions: Chronic HBV infection impairs the HRQOL of patients, even when there is no evidence of cirrhosis. HRQOL is particularly impaired in the advanced stages of decompensated cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These results have important implications for global hepatitis elimination efforts and are useful for economic analyses. However, further research is needed, particularly in high-burden, low-income settings where data are lacking. Impact and implications: This study, based on 22 articles and 10,311 patients, provides a comprehensive synthesis of data on the impact of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQOL) worldwide. These findings, of how HRQOL is affected in people living with HBV, highlight the importance of patient-centred care and holistic approaches to management, even at the early stages of disease. These results are useful for cost-effectiveness analyses and may help inform decision-making in improving public health policy towards the elimination of viral hepatitis. The study also underscores the need for further data from low-to middle-income settings, and on the effects of treatment on HRQOL.