Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40115074›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025

Clinical characteristics, molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of colistin heteroresistance in

Chunli Wei, Jiming Wu, Jisheng Zhang, Youtao Liang, Kaixin Yu, Mingjing Liao, Xushan Liang, Jianmin Wang, Wenzhang Long, Jin Wang and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Genomic characterization ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Colistin heteroresistance inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Chunli Wei *Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jiming Wu *Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jisheng Zhang *Department of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Youtao LiangDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Kaixin YuDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Mingjing LiaoDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xushan LiangDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jianmin WangDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Wenzhang LongDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jin WangDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Shijian ChenDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Yang YangDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xue GongDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Jie LiDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Xiaoli ZhangDepartment of Microbiology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Colistin has emerged as the last resort for treating multidrug-resistant Methods: Population analysis profiles (PAP) were performed to confirm the heteroresistance phenotype. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) was determined to classify ECC species. Phylogenetic analysis based on core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (cg-SNPs), multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and core genome MLST (cg-MLST). Risk factors and clinical outcomes of infections were analyzed through a retrospective case-control study. Potential mechanisms of colistin heteroresistance were evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), efflux pump inhibition assays and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: A high proportion (24.4%) of the non-resistant strains were colistin-heteroresistant isolates. Among the several ECC species, Discussion: Colistin heteroresistance showed species-dependent variations in levels and prevalence rates. The colistin-heteroresistant mechanisms were complex, involving coordinated regulation of multiple genes. These results highlighted the need for tailored antimicrobial stewardship. In addition, the development of direct, reliable and rapid clinical methods for detecting heteroresistance is essential for improving infection management and prevention.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsColistinDrug Resistance, BacterialEnterobacter cloacaeEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsAdultAgedCase-Control StudiesDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialEnterobacterFemaleGenome, BacterialHumansMaleMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMiddle AgedAnti-Bacterial AgentsColistincolistin heteroresistanceEnterobacter cloacae complexmechanismsprevalenceresistant subpopulationsrisk factors

Identifiers

PMID40115074
PMCPMC11922889

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.