Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40114503›Full record

ArticleChild and adolescent mental health2025

Associations between air pollution and surrounding greenness with internalizing and externalizing behaviors among schoolchildren.

Uxue Zubizarreta-Arruti, Rosa Bosch, María Soler Artigas, Judit Cabana-Domínguez, Natalia Llonga, Pau Carabí-Gassol, Valeria Macias-Chimborazo, Laura Vilar-Ribó, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Mireia Pagerols and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Child and adolescent mental health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Neighborhood air quality, psychobiological reactivity, and mental health across adolescence.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Uxue Zubizarreta-Arruti *Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0009-0005-2267-6196
Rosa Bosch *Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7596-183X
María Soler ArtigasPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-3213-1107
Judit Cabana-DomínguezPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-4732-7284
Natalia LlongaPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4325-6201
Pau Carabí-GassolPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9105-2946
Valeria Macias-ChimborazoPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0009-0002-8365-5098
Laura Vilar-RibóPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8758-523X
Josep Antoni Ramos-QuirogaPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1622-0350
Mireia PagerolsBiomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0856-6247
Raquel PratBiomedical Research Networking Centre for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8097-6617
Cristina RivasSJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8074-9550
Èlia PagespetitSJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2067-2651
Júlia PuigbóSJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-1761-619X
Gemma Español-MartínPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2362-8189
Bruno RaimbaultISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0226-0220
Antonia ValentínISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9275-7101
Jordi SunyerISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2602-4110
Maria ForasterPHAGEX Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4450-4123
Mireia GascónISGlobal, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica de Barcelona-PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4537-8472
Miquel CasasSJD MIND Schools Program, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3496-8522
Marta RibasésPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1039-1116
Silvia AlemanyPsychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7925-6767

Funding

Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2017SGR-1461Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca 2021SGR-00840Diputació de BarcelonaFundació 'la Caixa'Fundació la Marató de TV3 202228-30Fundació la Marató de TV3 202228-31Instituto de Salud Carlos III CP22/00026Instituto de Salud Carlos III CP22/00128Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI19/01224Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI20/00041Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI22/00464Instituto de Salud Carlos III PI23/00404Network Center for Biomedical Research (CIBER)Pla Estratègic de Recerca i Innovació en Salut PERISSLT006/17/285
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAir pollution and greenness are emerging as modifiable risk and protective factors, respectively, in child psychopathology. However, research shows inconsistencies. Here, we examined associations between air pollution and surrounding greenness with internalizing and externalizing behaviors. In addition, the potential modifying role of the genetic susceptibility for these traits and socioeconomic status (SES) was explored.

methodsThis population-based study included 4485 schoolchildren aged 5-18 years from Spain. Internalizing and externalizing behaviors were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Average air pollution (NO

resultsAlthough no associations survived multiple testing, we found that increases of 5.48 μg/m

conclusionsWe found preliminary evidence of detrimental effects of air pollution on internalizing behavior and protective effects of greenness on externalizing behavior, which were not modified by sex, age, SES, or genetic liability. If confirmed, these results reinforce the need for improving air quality, especially around schools, as part of preventive strategies focused on childhood psychopathology.

Indexed as

Air PollutionChild BehaviorEnvironmental ExposureAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansMaleSchoolsSpainaggressiveAir pollutantsanxietychild mental healthgreen spacespolygenic risk scores

Identifiers

PMID40114503
PMCPMC12079736

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.