ArticleJournal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology2025
Longitudinal Changes in Aerodigestive Responses to Varying Nipple Properties in Infant Pigs.
Article in Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Coordination of respiration and swallowing is critical for survival in infant mammals and changes throughout infant maturation. Infants show sensorimotor feeding responses to changes in physical properties of nipples. Commercial nipples are promoted as improving aerodigestive coordination. However, it is unknown how nipple properties influence coordination of respiration and swallowing. Furthermore, how infant-nipple interactions change throughout maturation is not well understood. We designed and manufactured four silicone nipples of the same shape that varied in two parameters: nipple opening diameter and nipple stiffness. We used our validated infant pig model to test the impact of nipple parameters on aerodigestive coordination throughout ontogeny. We recorded videofluoroscopy and simultaneous chest plethysmography on six infant pigs at age 7 and 17 days when feeding on each of the four nipples presented in a randomized order. We measured the time between a swallow and the closest inspiration, and the length of the respiratory cycles during feeding. Larger nipple opening diameter resulted in shorter delay between swallow and onset of inspiration regardless of stiffness or pig age. In young pigs, respiratory cycle length was shorter when feeding on nipples with large diameter openings. In older pigs, there was a nipple-stiffness interaction such that respiratory cycle length increased with opening diameter in soft nipples but decreased with opening diameter in hard nipples. Nipple opening diameter has a pervasive effect on swallow-breathing coordination in freely feeding infants, but infant maturation modifies responses to nipple properties.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.