ArticleImplementation science communications2025
Barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination in rural South Carolina pharmacies: a qualitative investigation.
Article in Implementation science communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- An Analysis of Multilevel Barriers to Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Uptake Among Rural U.S. Adolescents.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Barriers and facilitators of the implementation of a leadership training program based on the Developing and Sustaining Nursing Leadership Best Practice Guideline: A qualitative study.International journal of nursing sciences · 2026Article
- Pharmacists' Role in HPV Vaccine Uptake Among Women: A Scoping Review of Interventions and Barriers.International journal of women's health · 2025Review
- Improving pharmacy-based HPV vaccine delivery through communication training: Findings from a pilot feasibility study.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhAArticle
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionAs many as 14 million people contract a new case of HPV each year in the United States, with over 37,000 HPV cancers diagnosed each year. However, HPV vaccination coverage varies greatly with disparities by population and region. In rural areas, HPV vaccination rates for adolescents are significantly lower (12%) than for teens living in urban areas while HPV cancer rates are higher comparatively. Pharmacy-based vaccination services reduce accessibility barriers, as approximately 90% of Americans live within five miles of a community pharmacy. Unfortunately, implementation of HPV vaccination in community pharmacy settings remains low. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify perceived barriers and facilitators to HPV vaccination services among South Carolina pharmacists.
methodsQualitative interviews with community-based pharmacists practicing in rural South Carolina were conducted from August-December 2021. Community pharmacists practicing in areas with primary Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes of 4 and above were invited to participate in this study. Recruitment continued until point of saturation. Interviews were approximately 30 min in length and conducted using a semi-structured guide. Interview questions were open-ended and designed to elicit barriers and facilitators to administering the HPV vaccination in a pharmacy setting. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed. Transcripts were deductively coded using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), using NVivo to manage and analyze data.
resultsTen pharmacists participated in the qualitative interviews. Fourteen CFIR constructs were identified during qualitative analysis and interpretation. Applying the CFIR rating rules, seven constructs were found to have a strong influence (+ 2 or -2). Constructs with a strong positive influence, and indicated as facilitators, included "patient needs and resources" and "cosmopolitanism", while constructs with a strong negative influence, and indicated as barriers, included "design quality and packaging", "cost", "available resources", "external policy and initiatives", and "innovation participants".
conclusionMultiple barriers and facilitators were identified as impacting HPV vaccination in rural South Carolina community pharmacies. Addressing these barriers may improve pharmacy-based HPV vaccination services, thereby improving access in rural communities. Findings from this study will be used to develop implementation strategies to increase administration of the HPV vaccine in pharmacy settings.
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