Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40114245›Full record

ArticleInfectious agents and cancer2025

Additive interaction between hepatitis B virus infection and tobacco smoking on the risk of gastric cancer in a Chinese population.

Danjing Chen, Rong Yu, Yongfeng Cai, He Zhang, Yijun Jiang, Yunli Wu, Xian-E Peng

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Infectious agents and cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Hepatitis B Virus,Journal of clinical medicine · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Danjing Chen *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Rong Yu *Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Yongfeng CaiDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
He ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Yijun JiangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China.
Yunli WuKey Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Ministry of Education, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, People's Republic of China.
Xian-E PengDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environment Factors and Cancer, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People's Republic of China. fmuxe@163.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 2023J06030Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province 2023J01628Provincial Financial Special Project 23SCZZX001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveAlthough hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was regarded as a risk factor for liver cancer, the association of HBV infection with gastric cancer (GC) is unclear. In this study, we aim to assess the association of HBV infection with the risk of GC and explore the interaction between HBV infection and other risk factors.

methodsA case-control study was conducted and 409 GC cases and 1275 healthy controls were enrolled in Fujian province, China. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was measured and epidemiological data were collected. The association between HBV infection and GC risk was analyzed using logistic regression and meta-analysis method was employed to make estimates more conservative. Meanwhile, multiplicative and additive models were used to explore the interaction between HBV infection and other risk factors.

resultsThe prevalence of serum HBsAg positivity was 13.20% among GC cases and 6.20% among controls. Compared to HBsAg-negative subjects, the adjusted odds ratios (OR) for HBsAg positive were 3.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): (1.84-5.91)]. Compared to HBsAg-negative never smokers, the adjusted OR was 2.00 (95%CI: 1.19-3.34) for HBsAg-negative ever smokers,4.27 (95%CI: 1.97-9.26) for HBsAg-positive never smokers, and 4.73 (95%CI: 1.85-12.08) for HBsAg-positive ever smokers. These evidences indicated super-additive [API (95%CI): 0.78 (0.67-0.90), S (95%CI): 5.45 (3.26-9.08)] between HBV infection and tobacco smoking. No interaction between HBV infection and alcohol drinking was found on the risk of GC.

conclusionsHBV infection increased the risk of GC, and tobacco smoking and HBV infection may positively interact in the development of GC.

Indexed as

Case-control studyGastric cancerHepatitis BInteractionMeta-analysis

Identifiers

PMID40114245
PMCPMC11927330

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.