ArticleMalaria journal2025
Early evening outdoor biting by malaria-infected Anopheles arabiensis vectors threatens malaria elimination efforts in Zanzibar.
Article in Malaria journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Behavioral patterns of humans and Anopheles arabiensis reveal outdoor malaria transmission risk at Pemba Island, Zanzibar.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Effects of chilling, fluorescent dust marking, and X-ray irradiation on the quality of male Anopheles arabiensis for sterile insect technique applications.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Nationally representative programmatic surveillance of mosquito and human behaviours that influence human exposure to malaria transmission and the impact of vector control across Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- Longitudinal surveillance of Anopheles mosquitoes across different settings in Tanga and Unguja: increased distribution of An. merus in coastal and inland areas of Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2026Article
- The November-2023-March-2024 malaria epidemic in Zanzibar: a spatiotemporal epidemiological analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Occupations at high risk for malaria in Zanzibar: a case-control study, may-august 2023.Malaria journal · 2025Article
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25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme relies on insecticide-treated nets as the principal vector control method, supplemented by reactive focal indoor residual spraying. Despite the success, local malaria transmission persists, and the underlying reasons for sustained transmission remain unclear, yet critical to optimizing vector control for elimination. Entomological characterization of transmission dynamics was conducted to identify the gaps with existing interventions and opportunities for complementary interventions.
methodsAdult malaria vectors were collected monthly for two consecutive nights at ten sentinel sites (6 Unguja, 4 Pemba) from October 2022 to September 2023. Hourly indoor and outdoor human landing catch method was used for collecting mosquitoes from 18:00 to 06:00 h.
resultsAnopheles arabiensis was the predominant malaria vector species across all the sentinel sites, except in the urban district of Unguja, where Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto was predominant. Malaria parasite-infected An. arabiensis bites were distributed disproportionately between indoors (n = 4), 22:00 to 02:00 h, and outdoors (n = 10) earlier in the evenings, 1800 to 2100 h.
conclusionThe outdoor catches of malaria-parasite infected mosquitoes before typical sleeping hours highlight the potential risk of human exposure to outdoor transmission.
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