Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40113994›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2025

New insights into antibody structure with implications for specificity, variable region restriction and isotype choice.

Scott A McConnell, Arturo Casadevall

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Four IgG Antibodies and Protein G Are Shapeshifters.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. [Use of vaccines to prevent the development of bacterial resistance].Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Antibody-Empowered Nanomedicine for Precise Biomedical Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Scott A McConnellDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Arturo CasadevallDepartment of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. acasade1@jhu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9402-9167

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The mystery surrounding the mechanisms by which antibody diversity is generated was largely settled in the 1970s by the discoveries of variable gene rearrangements and somatic hypermutation. This led to the paradigm that immunoglobulins are composed of two independent domains - variable and constant - that confer specificity and effector functions, respectively. However, since these early discoveries, there have been a series of observations of communication between the variable and constant domains that affects the overall antibody structure, which suggests that immunoglobulins have a more complex, interconnected functionality than previously thought. Another unresolved issue has been the genesis of 'restricted' antibody responses, characterized by the use of only a few variable region gene segments, despite the enormous potential combinatorial diversity. In this Perspective, we place recent findings related to immunoglobulin structure and function in the context of these immunologically important, historically unsolved problems to propose a new model for how antibody specificity is achieved without autoreactivity.

Indexed as

AntibodiesAntibody SpecificityImmunoglobulin IsotypesImmunoglobulin Variable RegionAnimalsAntibody DiversityHumansSomatic Hypermutation, ImmunoglobulinAntibodiesImmunoglobulin IsotypesImmunoglobulin Variable Region

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.