Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40113953›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2026

Spatial genomics of AAV vectors reveals mechanism of transcriptional crosstalk that enables targeted delivery of large genetic cargo.

Gerard M Coughlin, Máté Borsos, Bre'Anna H Barcelona, Nathan Appling, Acacia M H Mayfield, Elisha D Mackey, Rana A Eser, Cameron R Jackson, Xinhong Chen, Sripriya Ravindra Kumar and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Structural basis of liver de-targeting and neuronal tropism of CNS-targeted AAV capsids.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. AAV NRF2 gene therapy preserves retinal structure and function in rodent models of oxidative damage.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026
    Article
  6. Defining a Midgestational Window forbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. [Adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy for genetic epilepsy: prospects and challenges].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Deep learning-guided design of cell type-specific AAV promoters.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Novel photoreceptor-specific promoters for gene therapy in mid- to late-stage retinal degeneration.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025
    Article
  17. Review
  18. Combining Machine Learning and Multiplexed,bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gerard M Coughlin *Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0644-4721
Máté Borsos *Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2801-8910
Bre'Anna H BarcelonaDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-1897-1461
Nathan ApplingDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-9488-6621
Acacia M H MayfieldDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-6480
Elisha D MackeyDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Rana A EserDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4078-1502
Cameron R JacksonDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
Xinhong ChenDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-0813
Sripriya Ravindra KumarDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6033-7631
Viviana GradinaruDivision of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. viviana@caltech.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5868-348X

Funding

Engineered AAV Identification, Validation, and Dissemination Pipeline for Brain Cell Type-Specific Manipulation Across SpeciesUF1MH128336 · NIMH · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI FOX, ANDREW S, GRADINARU, VIVIANA · 2021 to 2021
$6.1M
Circuit-Specific Delivery of Large Cargo Across the Nervous Systems of Adult Mammals and Embryos via Novel Engineered Systemic VectorsDP1NS111369 · NINDS · CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GRADINARU, VIVIANA · 2018 to 2023
$5.9M
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research (Michael J. Fox Foundation) ASAP-020495NIMH NIH HHS UF1 MH128336NINDS NIH HHS DP1 NS111369U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) UF1MH128336
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cell-type-specific regulatory elements such as enhancers can direct expression of recombinant adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) to specific cell types, but this approach is limited by the relatively small packaging capacity of AAVs. In this study, we used spatial genomics to show that transcriptional crosstalk between individual AAV genomes provides a general method for cell-type-specific expression of large cargo by separating distally acting regulatory elements into a second AAV genome. We identified and profiled transcriptional crosstalk in AAV genomes carrying 11 different enhancers active in mouse brain. We developed spatial genomics methods to identify and localize AAV genomes and their concatemeric forms in cultured cells and in tissue, and we demonstrate here that transcriptional crosstalk is dependent upon concatemer formation. Finally, we leveraged transcriptional crosstalk to drive expression of a 3.2-kb Cas9 cargo in a cell-type-specific manner with systemically administered engineered AAVs, and we demonstrate AAV-delivered, minimally invasive, cell-type-specific gene editing in wild-type mice that recapitulates known disease phenotypes.

Indexed as

DependovirusGenetic VectorsGenomicsTranscription, GeneticAnimalsBrainGene EditingGene Transfer TechniquesHEK293 CellsHumansMiceMice, Inbred C57BL

Identifiers

PMID40113953
PMCPMC12807873

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.