Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40113660›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2025

Cyclodextrin-mediated enhancement of gastrointestinal drug delivery: unveiling mucoadhesive and mucopenetrating synergy.

Soheil Haddadzadegan, Ahmad Saleh, Florina Veider, Patrick Knoll, Flavia Laffleur, Gergely Kali, Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Thiolated Polymers in 3D Bioprinting: Control of Gelation.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Soheil HaddadzadeganThioMatrix Forschungs- und Beratungs GmbH, Trientlgasse 65, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Ahmad SalehDepartment of Pharmacy, Universitas Mandala Waluya, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, 93231, Republic of Indonesia.
Florina VeiderCenter for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Patrick KnollCenter for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Flavia LaffleurCenter for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Gergely KaliCenter for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria.
Andreas Bernkop-SchnürchCenter for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria. andreas.bernkop@uibk.ac.at.ORCID 0000-0003-4187-8277

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study evaluates the in vivo mucoadhesive properties of thiolated cyclodextrins (CDs) with varying S-protection using polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different chain lengths. Free thiol groups of thiolated β-CDs (CD-SH) were S-protected with 1 kDa and 2 kDa PEG bearing a terminal thiol group, leading to third-generation of thiolated CDs (CD-SS-PEG). The structure of these thiolated CDs was confirmed and characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and colorimetric assays. Thiolated and S-protected CDs were evaluated regarding viscosity, cellular uptake and, in vitro and in vivo mucoadhesion. The viscosity of CD-SH, CD-SS-PEG 1 kDa, and CD-SS-PEG 2 kDa mixtures with mucus increased 9-, 7-, and 5.5-fold, respectively, compared to unmodified CD within 3 h. Cellular uptake on Caco-2 cells was 1.75 times higher for highly thiolated CDs than for unmodified CD. In vitro residence time on porcine intestine was prolonged 7-, 8.4-, and 7.9-fold for CD-SH, CD-SS-PEG 1 kDa, and CD-SS-PEG 2 kDa, respectively. In vivo results indicated CD-SS-PEG 1 kDa had the highest potential. Our comprehensive in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo ffindings demonstrate that CD-SS-PEG 1 kDa is a highly promising candidate for mucoadhesive drug delivery systems.

Indexed as

CyclodextrinsDrug Delivery SystemsIntestinal MucosaPolyethylene GlycolsAdhesivenessAnimalsCaco-2 CellsHumansMaleSulfhydryl CompoundsSwineViscosityCyclodextrinsPolyethylene GlycolsSulfhydryl CompoundsCyclodextrinDrug deliveryIn vivoMucoadhesiveS-protectionThiomer

Identifiers

PMID40113660
PMCPMC12397179

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.