Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40111670›Full record

ArticleNeurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology2025

Vaccines for Alzheimer's disease: a brief scoping review.

Ibrahim Serag, Mohamed Abouzid, Mostafa Hossam El Din Moawad, Jaber H Jaradat, Mohamed Hendawy, Nada Ibrahim Hendi, Ibraheem M Alkhawaldeh, Judy Ahmed Abdullah, Mona Mahmoud Elsakka, Muneeb Ahmad Muneer and 4 more

Abstract readScoping Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Ibrahim SeragFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0085-022X
Mohamed AbouzidDepartment of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3 St., 60-806, Poznan, Poland. Mmahmoud@ump.edu.pl.
Mostafa Hossam El Din MoawadAlexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.
Jaber H JaradatFaculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.
Mohamed HendawyFaculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
Nada Ibrahim HendiFaculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Ibraheem M AlkhawaldehFaculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan.
Judy Ahmed AbdullahFaculty of Medicine, New Giza University, Giza, Egypt.
Mona Mahmoud ElsakkaFaculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt.
Muneeb Ahmad MuneerAllama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan.
Marwa Aboelhassan ElnagarFaculty of Pharmacy, MTI University, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed Adel FakherFaculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
Aya J ElkenaniFaculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Abdallah AbbasFaculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia among older adults. Existing treatments-such as cholinesterase inhibitors, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, and monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid beta-can improve functional and neuropsychiatric outcomes but fail to prevent disease onset, halt progression, or adequately reduce amyloid-beta burden. Consequently, research efforts have shifted to primary prevention through immunization, although the efficacy of these strategies remains uncertain. This review explores the efficacy, safety, and adverse events of current immunotherapies for AD and discusses future research and clinical implications.

methodsA scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-SR) checklist. A systematic search was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.

resultsA total of 145 studies were included. Preclinical research often employed transgenic mouse models to investigate AD pathology and vaccine benefits, while Phase I and II clinical trials centered on safety and preliminary efficacy in humans. Most studies were conducted in the USA, China, and Japan, highlighting these countries' strong clinical trial infrastructure. Vaccination frequently reduced amyloid-beta or tau pathology in preclinical settings, although cognitive outcomes were inconsistent. Clinical trials primarily focused on safety and immune response, with newer vaccines such as ABvac40 demonstrating encouraging results and minimal adverse events.

conclusionAlthough AD vaccines show promise in preclinical settings, longer and more comprehensive clinical trials are necessary to determine their long-term efficacy and safety. Standardized protocols and efforts to reduce regional disparities in research would facilitate better comparability and generalizability of findings, thereby guiding the future development of effective immunotherapies for Alzheimer's disease.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseAlzheimer VaccinesAmyloid beta-PeptidesAnimalsHumansAlzheimer VaccinesAmyloid beta-PeptidesADAmyloid-betaImmunotherapyVaccine

Identifiers

PMID40111670

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.