ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2025
Neuropathogenesis of acute HIV: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic approaches.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Semaglutide on Cognitive Function in People With HIV: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Trial
- HAND in Africa: prevalence, diagnostic challenges and the search for objective markers.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Implications of HIV persistence and pathogenesis in microglia.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Review
- Article
- Impact of cannabis use on white matter hyperintensities in adults with and without chronic HIV disease.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Article
- Review
- HIV Infection, Neurotoxicity, Inflammation, Premature Aging, and Therapeutic Challenges to PLWH: An Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Silent Intruders: The Gut Virome in Brain Aging and Cognitive Decline.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- HIV-1 Tat and gp120 as key drivers of neurodegeneration in the central nervous system.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Caregiver assessment of executive function deficits among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed uninfected preschool children in Kenya.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- HIV-1 Tat Protein Exposure Alters the Morphological Characteristics and Gene Expression in the Primary Mouse Cortex Endothelial Cells and Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Epigenetic mechanisms of HIV and opioid-induced neuropathology: Potential therapies and interventions.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Review
- Under the Radar: Immune Evasion, Pathogenesis and Control of HIV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 Agonist JWH-133 Stimulates Antiviral Factors and Decreases Proviral, Inflammatory, and Neurotoxic Proteins in HIV-Infected Macrophage Secretome.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- HIV-1 Tat protein exposure alters the morphological characteristics and gene expression in the primary mouse cortex endothelial cells and human brain microvascular endothelial cells.Research square · 2025Article
- Multifaceted Role of Nef in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Histopathological Alterations and Underlying Mechanisms.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Methamphetamine Induces Metallothionein 1 Expression and an Inflammatory Phenotype in Primary Human HIV-Infected Macrophages.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe neuropathogenesis of acute HIV leads to rapid central nervous system (CNS) involvement, characterized by early viral entry, immune activation, and the formation of viral reservoirs. Despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), these reservoirs persist, drive neuroinflammation and injury and lead to HIV-associated neurodegenerative disorders (HAND). This review provides an updated synthesis of the mechanisms in acute HIV neuropathogenesis, biomarkers of CNS injury and emerging therapeutic approaches. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is critical for addressing persistent HAND in ART-treated individuals. RECENT
findingsGrowing evidence now supports the principal role of infected CD4 + T cells in mediating HIV neuroinvasion alongside monocytes, resulting in seeding in perivascular macrophages, pericytes, and adjacent microglia and astrocytes. These reservoirs contribute to ongoing transcriptional activity and viral persistence despite antiretroviral therapy. Neuroinflammation, driven by activated microglia, astrocytes, inflammasomes, and neurotoxic viral proteins, disrupts neuronal homeostasis. Emerging therapies, including latency-reversing agents and transcription inhibitors, show promise in reducing neuroinflammation and reservoir activity. SUMMARY: Understanding the mechanisms of HIV neuropathogenesis and reservoir persistence has significant implications for developing targeted therapies to mitigate HAND. Strategies to eliminate CNS reservoirs and reduce neuroinflammation should be prioritized to improve long-term cognitive outcomes in people with HIV.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.