Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40109841›Full record

ArticleCureus2025

Empathy Scores and Curriculum Integration at Two Different Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study of Final-Year Medical and Dental Students.

Amna Faisal, Saira Akhlaq, Naveed Bhatti

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Amna FaisalCommunity and Preventive Dentistry, Dental College, Heavy Industries Taxila Education City-Institute of Medical Sciences (HITEC-IMS), Taxila, PAK.
Saira AkhlaqSchool of Health Professions Education, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University (STMU), Islamabad, PAK.
Naveed BhattiOrthodontics, Hazrat Bari Imam Sarkar (HBS) Medical and Dental College, Islamabad, PAK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEmpathy is a defining trait for healthcare professionals as it fosters trust and understanding between providers and patients. In medical and dental education, empathy is required for enhancing protective health outcomes. Empathy levels vary among medical students throughout their medical schooling and are impacted by factors such as curriculum structure, clinical exposure, and personal characteristics.

objectivesThis study aimed to compare empathy scores corresponding to different levels of curricular integration as defined by Harden, in order to identify any potential differences in empathy levels between two groups. METHODOLOGY: Two study samples, one consisting of medical students and the other of dental students, completed the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale-Revised (KCES-R). Empathy scores were assessed across two levels of curriculum integration based on Harden's integration ladder.

resultsThe results indicated that students instructed at a higher level of curricular integration reported higher empathy scores compared to those instructed at a lower integration level.

conclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this study suggest a positive relationship between curricular integration and empathy scores in medical and dental students.

Indexed as

curriculum designempathyharden’s integration ladderintegrated curriculummedical and dental education

Identifiers

PMID40109841
PMCPMC11920857

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.