Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40109497›Full record

ArticleDigital discovery2025

BitBIRCH: efficient clustering of large molecular libraries.

Kenneth López Pérez, Vicky Jung, Lexin Chen, Kate Huddleston, Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Digital discovery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
21citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

21 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Nested TMAPs to Visualize Billions of Molecules.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Best practices to cluster large molecular libraries.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. BitBIRCH-Lean: chemical space in the palm of your workstation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  13. Undersampling techniques for large datasets.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  14. Efficiently finding activity cliffs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  15. Growth vs Diversity: A Time-Evolution Analysis of the Chemical Space.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. iSIM-Sigma: Efficient Standard Deviation Calculation for Molecular Similarity.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. BitBIRCH Clustering Refinement Strategies.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025
    Article
  20. Extended Quality (eQual): Radial Threshold Clustering Based onJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kenneth López PérezDepartment of Chemistry & Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA quintana@chem.ufl.edu.
Vicky JungDepartment of Chemistry & Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA quintana@chem.ufl.edu.
Lexin ChenDepartment of Chemistry & Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA quintana@chem.ufl.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9528-942X
Kate HuddlestonDepartment of Chemistry & Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA quintana@chem.ufl.edu.
Ramón Alain Miranda-QuintanaDepartment of Chemistry & Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA quintana@chem.ufl.edu.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2121-4449

Funding

Tackling Big Data problems in biomedical sciences with extended similarity methodsR35GM150620 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI Ramon Alain Miranda Quintana · 2023 to 2026
$1.4M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM150620
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The widespread use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques in chemical applications has come with the pressing need to analyze extremely large molecular libraries. In particular, clustering remains one of the most common tools to dissect the chemical space. Unfortunately, most current approaches present unfavorable time and memory scaling, which makes them unsuitable to handle million- and billion-sized sets. Here, we propose to bypass these problems with a time- and memory-efficient clustering algorithm, BitBIRCH. This method uses a tree structure similar to the one found in the Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies (BIRCH) algorithm to ensure

Identifiers

PMID40109497
PMCPMC11912344

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.