ArticleBMC geriatrics2025
Association between exposure to organophosphate esters and cognitive function in older adults in the United States: NHANES 2011-2014.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Association between insecticide exposomics and cognitive function in older adults: an observational study based on NHANES 2011-2014.Frontiers in public health · 2025Observational
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundOrganophosphate esters (OPEs) are widely used as an alternative to the brominated flame retardant polybrominated diphenyl ethers. The effects of OPEs on the cognitive abilities of older adults remain unclear.
methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Cognitive function was assessed using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) word learning test, the CERAD word recall test, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). OPE metabolites with detection rates above 50% were included in the study. Weighted multiple linear regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to examine the effects of individual and mixed exposures to OPE metabolites on cognitive function.
resultsA total of 762 older adults were included. The weighted linear regression model revealed a positive association between Ln DPHP, Ln BDCPP, and Ln BCPP and the DSST score, while a negative association was observed between Ln DBUP and the DSST score. In the positive WQS model, the index was correlated with DSST score (β = 2.65, 95% CI: 0.40 ~ 4.90, P = 0.02), with DPHP having the highest weight. The results of BKMR analysis indicated a borderline statistical significance in the increase of DSST score when the mixture of OPEs is set to a specific 90th percentile compared to all mixture concentrations set to the median.
conclusionsOverall exposure to OPE metabolites are associated with improved cognitive function in older adults in the United States. Further prospective studies with large sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
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