Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40108475›Full record

ArticleNature2025

Regulated somatic hypermutation enhances antibody affinity maturation.

Julia Merkenschlager, Andrew G T Pyo, Gabriela S Silva Santos, Dennis Schaefer-Babajew, Melissa Cipolla, Harald Hartweger, Alexander D Gitlin, Ned S Wingreen, Michel C Nussenzweig

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  4. Article
  5. Review
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  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Highlights of 2025: advances in germinal centers.Immunology and cell biology · 2026
    Review
  14. Clonal dynamics of germinal center refueling by secondary immunization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Julia Merkenschlager *Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. julia_merkenschlager@hms.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6726-7939
Andrew G T Pyo *Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
Gabriela S Silva SantosLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-7380
Dennis Schaefer-BabajewLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Melissa CipollaLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
Harald HartwegerLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1118-1818
Alexander D GitlinImmunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
Ned S WingreenDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. wingreen@princeton.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-2821
Michel C NussenzweigLaboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA. nussen@rockefeller.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0592-8564

Funding

X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYP30CA008748 · NCI · SLOAN-KETTERING INSTITUTE FOR CANCER RES · PI Hongbiao Carl Lekaye · 1985 to 2026
$347.4M
Identification of neutralizing epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 spike for design of vaccines and small-molecule antiviralsUM1AI144462 · NIAID · SCRIPPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE, THE · PI BURTON, DENNIS R. · 2019 to 2025
$201.6M
Class Switch Recombination in B LymphocytesR37AI037526 · NIAID · ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY · PI NUSSENZWEIG, MICHEL C · 2014 to 2023
$5.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA008748NIAID NIH HHS R37 AI037526NIAID NIH HHS UM1 AI144462
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Germinal centres are specialized microenvironments where B cells undergo affinity maturation. B cells expressing antibodies whose affinity is improved by somatic hypermutation are selected for expansion by limiting numbers of T follicular helper cells. Cell division is accompanied by mutation of the immunoglobulin genes, at what is believed to be a fixed rate of around 1 × 10

Indexed as

Antibody AffinityB-LymphocytesSomatic Hypermutation, ImmunoglobulinAnimalsCell DivisionFemaleG1 PhaseGerminal CenterMiceModels, ImmunologicalMutation RateSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID40108475
PMCPMC12058521

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.