ArticleScientific reports2025
Accelerated global burden of depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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13 citing papers in PubMed.
- Time Trends and Impact on Treatment Outcomes of Psychiatric Diagnoses in Patients with Eosinophilic Esophagitis.Journal of gastrointestinal and liver diseases : JGLD · 2026Article
- Decoupled Global Trends in Zinc Deficiency-attributable Burden (GBD CRA) and Depressive Disorders, 1990-2021: a GBD 2021 Analysis.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Synaptic Plasticity-Intrinsic Excitability and Antidepressant Discovery.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The hippocampus as a central hub in ketamine's antidepressant action: from molecules to circuit rewiring.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Article
- Interpretable machine-learning for depression classification based on a three-component EEG marker.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Global Burden, Temporal Trends, and Long-Term Projections of Mental Disorders Among Women of Childbearing Age: A GBD 2021 Analysis Using BAPC Modeling.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- The invisible wounds of war: a study of insomnia and psychological distress among healthcare students in conflict-affected Syria.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Ketamine enantiomers and the gut microbiota: mechanisms, clinical implications, and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Chronic Stress and Astrocyte Dysfunction in Depression: Molecular Mechanisms and Gene Expression Changes.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Association of Unemployment and Government Stringency With the Increased Burden of Anxiety and Depression Amid the Public Health Emergency: A Global Perspective.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The Role of Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Review of Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Advances in the prevalence and treatment of depression for adolescents: a review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
A thorough and current analysis of the burden and evolving trends in depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021 remains unavailable. Employing the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, we evaluated the burden of depressive disorders at the global, regional, and national levels, stratifying the analysis by age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI). To examine trends in depressive disorders during the epidemic, we calculated the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized incidence rates (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), and age-standardized DALYs rates (ASDR) across all levels from 2019 to 2021. Furthermore, we performed a frontier analysis of depressive disorders across various countries, incorporating risk factor analyses at multiple levels. In 2021, the global incidence of depressive disorders stood at 357.43 million, while the prevalence was recorded at 332.41 million, accompanied by 56.33 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a notable upward trend in ASIR (EAPC = 8.33 [-0.46 to 17.9]), ASPR (EAPC = 6.02 [0.28 to 12.09]), and ASDR (EAPC = 7.13 [-0.18 to 14.97]) for depressive disorders on a global scale. The burden of depressive disorders is most pronounced among females and individuals aged 60 to 64 within their respective subgroups. From 1990 to 2021, the burden of depressive disorders consistently remained highest in the low SDI region; however, it experienced the most significant increase in the high SDI region during the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2021. In 2021, the burden of depressive disorders was highest in central sub-Saharan Africa, Greenland, and Uganda, while the Andean region of Latin America, along with Bulgaria and Belarus, experienced the most significant increase in depressive disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Globally, bullying victimization, intimate partner violence, and childhood sexual abuse contributed to 6.47%, 4.91%, and 2.65% of the ASDR for depressive disorders, respectively. The global burden of depressive disorders has markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, gradually shifting from low to high SDI regions, particularly in North America and Europe.
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