Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40108244›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Incorporation of biochar and semi-interpenetrating biopolymer to synthesize new slow release fertilizers and their impact on soil moisture and nutrients availability.

Muhammad Imran Rafique, Mohammad I Al-Wabel, Abdullah S F Al-Farraj, Munir Ahmad, Taieb Aouak, Hamed Ahmed Al-Swadi, Mohammed Awad Mousa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Muhammad Imran RafiqueSoil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. mrafique@ksu.edu.sa.
Mohammad I Al-WabelSoil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah S F Al-FarrajSoil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Munir AhmadSoil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Taieb AouakDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Hamed Ahmed Al-SwadiSoil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohammed Awad MousaSoil Sciences Department, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chemical fertilizers (CFs) are indispensable nutrients source for plants replenishing them with essential nutrients. However, their over-utilization imposed destructive consequences of excessive loss of major nutrients resulting in low nutrient use efficiency and further environmental concerns. Therefore, to counter excessive application of CFs and to regulate sustainable agriculture, a novel biochar (BC)-based slow-release fertilizer (SRF) was developed by incorporating mica (MI) and semi-interpenetrating chitosan polymer (Semi-IPN) via graft co-polymerization. Fabricated SRFs were characterized and their nutrient release dynamics as well as soil water holding (WH) and water retention (WR) capacity were investigated. The results revealed that BC-based SRFs, particularly BC-SRF and BCMI-SRF, enhanced soil WH capacity by 40.61% and 47.80%, respectively, whereas the highest soil WR capacity was recorded as 32.55% and 35.52% respectively, after 30 days. The nutrients (NH

Indexed as

CharcoalFertilizersNutrientsSoilAgricultureBiopolymersChitosanDelayed-Action PreparationsNitrogenPhosphorusWaterbiocharBiopolymersCharcoalChitosanDelayed-Action PreparationsFertilizersNitrogenNutrientsPhosphorusSoilWaterMicaNutrient release kineticsPolymerSlow-release fertilizerWater retention

Identifiers

PMID40108244
PMCPMC11923130

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.