Reduced North Pacific Deep Water formation across the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation.

Friso de Graaf, Heather L Ford, Natalie Burls, Rachel Brown, Chris Brierley, Gavin L Foster, David Thornalley

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Vertical dynamic patterns ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Friso de GraafSchool of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK. f.m.degraaf@qmul.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4712-9309

Heather L FordSchool of Geography, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-7023

Natalie BurlsAtmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6950-3808

Rachel BrownCentre Européen de Recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix-en-Provence, France.

Chris BrierleyDepartment of Geography, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9195-6731

Gavin L FosterSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, UK.

David ThornalleyDepartment of Geography, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-5499

Funding

RCUK | Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/S007229/1

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Today, deep waters do not form in the northern high latitudes of the Pacific Ocean, but this may not have been the case during the Pliocene. Evidence suggests there was a Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation during the warm Late Pliocene, similar to the modern Atlantic Ocean with a weak halocline in the subpolar North Pacific resulting in North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW) formation. However, much of this evidence comes from proxies that can be biased by changes in local productivity. We present a coupled Mg/Ca-δ

Identifiers

PMID40108166

DOI10.1038/s41467-025-58069-x

PMCPMC11923177

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.