ReviewClinical and experimental nephrology2025
Need for life cycle assessment of pharmaceuticals for kidney healthcare.
Review in Clinical and experimental nephrology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advancing green nephrology: a scoping review of sustainability interventions in kidney care.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- International Environmental Impact of CKD Care.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeGlobal warming is a known risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), and both progression of the disease and its treatment place a burden on the environment. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an established method for evaluating the global impact of manufactured products, from materials' procurement to disposal. We aimed to examine available reports of its application to pharmaceuticals.
methodsA narrative review focused on LCA studies of any pharmaceuticals according to disease area.
resultsWe identified the drug types used for treatment of 13 disease areas described in 51 previous LCA studies, classified using the MIDAS database. Among the drug types, anesthetics, inhalants, and antibiotics have received the most attention. However, LCA studies are lacking for the wide range of pharmaceuticals used in kidney healthcare, in the fields of dialysis therapy, treatment of end-stage kidney disease, and associated cardiovascular, metabolic, and endocrine diseases. DISCUSSION: As the proportion of the population affected by CKD increases, there is a particular urgency for LCA research into drugs administered for their kidney protective effects, such as renin--angiotensin system inhibitors and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. As sustainable practices in drug production and the ability to identify and choose effective drugs with low environmental impact require comprehensive LCA data, clinical physicians and pharmacists involved in kidney healthcare should collaborate with pharmaceutical companies to develop an LCA research system . Incorporating rating of environmental burden of each drug into daily practice is desirable for achieving sustainable kidney healthcare and reducing its environmental impacts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.