The Association of Prenatal Dietary Factors with Child Autism Diagnosis and Autism-Related Traits Using a Mixtures Approach: Results from the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Cohort.
Megan G Bragg, Juliette Rando, Kecia N Carroll, Stephanie M Eick, Margaret R Karagas, Pi-I Lin, Rebecca J Schmidt, Kristen Lyall, ECHO Cohort Consortium
Article in The Journal of nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3citing papers in PubMed
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5 · Who and what money
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Megan G BraggAJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Juliette RandoAJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Kecia N CarrollThe Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
Stephanie M EickRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
Margaret R KaragasGeisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States.
Pi-I LinDepartment of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States.
Rebecca J SchmidtDepartment of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Kristen LyallAJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States. Electronic address: kld98@drexel.edu.
ECHO Cohort Consortium
Funding
Project-005U2COD023375 · OD · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Linda S Adair, Phillip Brian Smith · 2016 to 2026
$215.9M
ECHODAC (Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes Data Analysis Center)U24OD023382 · OD · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Diane J Catellier, LISA P JACOBSON · 2016 to 2026
$148.4M
Wisconsin Infant Study Cohort (WISC) ECHO Pediatric Follow-UpUH3OD023282 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · PI James E. Gern · 2018 to 2026
$64.8M
The NYU Children’s Health & Environment Study: an ECHO CohortUH3OD023305 · OD · NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE · PI Akhgar Ghassabian, Leonardo Trasande · 2018 to 2026
$59.5M
Mount Sinai ECHO site for Perinatal Environment and Development StudiesUH3OD023337 · OD · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI KECIA Nicole CARROLL, Robert O Wright · 2018 to 2026
$54.1M
A prospective study of critical environmental exposures in formative early life that impact lifelong health in rural US children: the New Hampshire Birth Cohort StudyUH3OD023275 · OD · DARTMOUTH COLLEGE · PI MARGARET Rita KARAGAS, Juliette Madan · 2018 to 2026
$44.3M
The ECHO Measurement Core: A Framework and Resource for Assessing Environmental Exposure and Child HealthU24OD023319 · OD · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Courtney K Blackwell, RICHARD GERSHON · 2016 to 2026
$43.7M
XENOBIOTIC BIOTRANSFORMATION AND DISPOSITIONP30ES007033 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI Nicole Ann Errett · 1995 to 2026
$42.5M
Prenatal and Early Childhood Pathways To Health: An Integrated Model of Chemical and Social Exposures, Biological Mechanisms, and Sex-Specific Effects on Neurodevelopment and Respiratory OutcomesUH3OD023271 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI BUSH, NICOLE RENEE, KARR, CATHERINE J · 2018 to 2022
$37.3M
ECHO Laboratory Core at Vanderbilt for Integrated Sample Biobanking and ProcessingU24OD035523 · OD · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI Suman Ranjan Das, NATASHA Bassam HALASA · 2023 to 2026
$32.8M
Environmental Influences on Childhood Outcomes in the Northern Plains Safe Passage Study CohortsUH3OD023279 · OD · AVERA MCKENNAN · PI Amy J Elliott, Christine W Hockett · 2018 to 2026
$31.7M
Lifecourse Approach to Developmental Repercussions of Environmental Agents on Metabolic and Respiratory Health (LA DREAMERs)UH3OD023287 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI BASTAIN, THERESA M, BRETON, CARRIE VAN DOREN · 2018 to 2022
backgroundPrevious research on the role of maternal diet in relation to autism has focused on examining individual nutrient associations. Few studies have examined associations with multiple nutrients using mixtures approaches, which may better reflect true exposure scenarios.
objectivesThis study aims to examine associations of nutrient mixtures with children's autism diagnosis and trait scores within a large, diverse population.
methodsParticipants were drawn from the United States Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. Maternal prenatal diet was reported via validated food frequency questionnaires. Children's autism-related traits were measured using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and autism diagnoses were from parent reports of physician diagnosis. Bayesian kernel machine regression was used to examine the overall mixture effect and interactions between a set of 5 primary nutrients (folate, vitamin D, omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids, and iron), adjusted for potential confounders, in relationship to child outcomes. Secondary analyses were conducted in a subset of cohorts with an expanded set of 14 nutrients. Traditional linear and logistic regression models were also analyzed for comparison of results to mixture models.
resultsA total of 2614 participants drawn from 7 ECHO cohorts were included in primary analysis. Mixture analyses suggested that increasing the overall 5-nutrient mixture was associated with lower SRS scores. Individual U-shaped associations and bivariate interactions between folate and omega 3 fatty acids were suggested. In the subset included in the secondary analyses of the 14-nutrient mixture, a modest inverse trend remained, but individual nutrient associations were altered, with vitamin D demonstrating higher relative importance than other nutrients. Strong associations with autism diagnosis were not observed.
conclusionsIn this large sample, we found evidence for combined nutrient effects with broader autism-related traits. Because results for individual nutrients were sensitive to mixture components, replication of combined associations between nutrients and autism-related outcomes is needed.
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