Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40106895›Full record

ArticleBiomaterials advances2025

A functional human liver tissue model: 3D bioprinted co-culture discoids.

Vignesh Subramaniam, Carolina Abrahan, Brett R Higgins, Steven J Chisolm, Baleigh Sweeney, Senthilkumar Duraivel, Leandro Balzano-Nogueira, Tia Monjure, Chih-Yi Wang, Glyn D Palmer and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Biomaterials advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. 3D printing functional liver discoids.Annals of translational medicine · 2025
    Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Vignesh SubramaniamDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
Carolina AbrahanDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
Brett R HigginsDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States of America.
Steven J ChisolmDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
Baleigh SweeneyDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
Senthilkumar DuraivelDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America.
Leandro Balzano-NogueiraDepartment of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
Tia MonjureJ. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
Chih-Yi WangDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America.
Glyn D PalmerDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America. Electronic address: palmegd@ortho.ufl.edu.
Thomas E AngeliniDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America; J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America. Electronic address: t.e.angelini@ufl.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

To reduce costs and delays related to developing new and effective drugs, there is a critical need for improved human liver tissue models. Here we describe an approach for 3D bioprinting functional human liver tissue models, in which we fabricate disc-shaped structures (discoids) 200 μm in thickness and 1-3 mm in diameter from mixtures of cells and collagen-1, embedded in a highly permeable support medium made from packed polyethylene glycol (PEG) microgels. We demonstrate that the method is precise, accurate, and scalable; up to 100 tissues/h can be manufactured with a variability and error in diameter of about 4 %. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of printed discs reveal self-organization, cell cohesion, and key liver marker expression. Over the course of three weeks in culture, the tissues stably synthesize albumin and urea at high levels, outperforming spheroid tissue models. We find the tissues express >100 genes associated with molecular absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) at levels within the range of human liver. The liver tissue models exhibit enzymatic formation of metabolites after exposure to multiple test compounds. Together, these results demonstrate the promise of 3D printed discoids for pharmacological and toxicological applications.

Indexed as

BioprintingLiverModels, BiologicalPrinting, Three-DimensionalTissue EngineeringCoculture TechniquesHumansPolyethylene GlycolsSpheroids, CellularPolyethylene Glycols3D bioprinting3D cultureADME genesDiscoidLiver tissue modelMicrogel

Identifiers

PMID40106895

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.