Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40106208›Full record

ArticleCanadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique2025

Racial disparities in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) awareness and uptake among white, Black, and Indigenous men in Canada: Analysis of data from the I'm Ready national HIV self-testing study.

Wale Ajiboye, Wangari Tharao, Maureen Owino, Lena Soje, Jason M Lo Hog Tian, Amy Ly, Margaret Kisikaw Piyesis, Albert McLeod, Mathew Fleury, Kristin McBain and 6 more

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Article in Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Wale AjiboyeMAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. wale.ajiboye@unityhealth.to.ORCID 0000-0001-9526-2895
Wangari TharaoWomen's Health in Women's Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Maureen OwinoFaculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Lena SojeWomen's Health in Women's Hands Community Health Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jason M Lo Hog TianMAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Amy LyWomen's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Margaret Kisikaw PiyesisCanadian Aboriginal AIDS Network, Regina, SK, Canada.
Albert McLeodCanadian Aboriginal AIDS Network, Regina, SK, Canada.
Mathew FleuryFaculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
Kristin McBainMAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Notisha MassaquoiDepartment of Health and Society, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada.
Tegan MosuguDalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jaris SwidrovichFaculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Darrell H S TanMAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
LaRon NelsonYale School of Nursing, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Sean B RourkeMAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesBlack and Indigenous men in Canada continue to experience significant and disproportionate burden of new HIV infection. The purpose of this study was to understand racial differences in PrEP awareness and use, and PrEP cascade among white, Black, and Indigenous men in Canada with the intention to provide evidence for immediate action in our publicly funded health care system.

methodsWe performed a secondary analysis (n = 4294) of cross-sectional data from the I'm Ready national HIV self-testing research program launched in June 2021 and running through December 2023. Binary logistic regression was used to assess racial differences in PrEP awareness and uptake. A proposed PrEP cascade was developed using the data on awareness, uptake, and retention in PrEP care.

resultsBlack participants (OR = 0.34, CI 0.29, 0.39), who are gbMSM (OR = 0.27, CI 0.21, 0.35), aged 18-45 (OR = 0.35, CI 0.30, 0.40), living in urban (OR = 0.41, CI 0.33, 0.51) or rural areas (OR = 0.33, CI 0.26, 0.44), and who are PrEP-eligible (OR = 0.34, CI 0.28, 0.40), were less likely to be aware of PrEP than white participants. Indigenous participants (OR = 0.57, CI 0.44, 0.75), aged 18-45 (OR = 0.57, CI 0.43, 0.75), living in rural communities (OR = 0.15, CI 0.25, 0.57), and who are PrEP-eligible (OR = 0.62, CI 0.46, 0.83), were less likely to be aware of PrEP than white participants. For PrEP uptake, Black participants (OR = 0.61, CI 0.46, 0.82), aged 18-45 (OR = 0.59, CI 0.44, 0.80), living in rural communities (OR = 0.44, CI 0.23, 0.84), and PrEP-eligible (OR = 0.62, CI 0.46, 0.85), were less likely to be on PrEP than white participants. Also, Indigenous men living in urban areas were more likely to be on PrEP than white participants (OR = 1.65, CI 1.01, 2.69).

conclusionCommunity-based and public health interventions are immediately needed to increase PrEP awareness, access, and uptake for Black and Indigenous communities in Canada.

Indexed as

Black PeopleHealthcare DisparitiesHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHIV InfectionsPre-Exposure ProphylaxisWhite PeopleAdolescentAdultCanadaCross-Sectional StudiesHumansIndigenous CanadiansMaleMiddle AgedYoung AdultBlack and IndigenousHIV PrEPPrEP awareness and uptakePrEP cascade

Identifiers

PMID40106208
PMCPMC12075050

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.