ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025
Factors Associated With the Availability of Virtual Consultations in Primary Care Across 20 Countries: Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Attitudes Toward Video Consultations From the Perspective of Physicians and Psychotherapists in German Outpatient Care After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Family health coverage and care reorganization during the COVID-19 pandemic.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVirtual consultations represent a notable change in health care delivery following the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the dynamics of virtual consultations is critical in assessing health care system resilience and adaptability in times of crisis.
objectiveThis study aimed to describe the availability and hours of use of telephone, video, and human chat consultations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period, and identify factors associated with their availability.
methodsPrimary care physicians (PCPs) from 20 upper-middle- and high-income countries completed a cross-sectional web-based survey in 2020. Factors associated with availability were investigated using chi-square tests and effect size (ES) estimates calculated using Cramer V.
resultsA total of 1370 PCPs were included in this study (85.4% of the total sample of 1605). Telephone consultations were the most frequently available type of virtual consultations before and during the pandemic (73.1% and 90.4%, respectively). Significant increases in availability and use were observed during the pandemic for all the types of virtual consultations. The largest absolute increase in availability was observed for video consultations (39.5%), followed by telephone (17.3%) and chat (8.6%; all P<.001). The largest increase in use was observed for telephone consultations (+11 hours per week, P<.001). Digital maturity of the practice was weakly associated with availability of video consultations both before (ES 0.2) and during (ES 0.2) the pandemic (P<.001 for both), and with chat consultations before the pandemic only (ES 0.1, P=.001). Greater availability of video and chat consultations was found in PCPs who had completed digital health training, both before and during the pandemic (P<.001 for all). There was significant country-level variation in the use and availabilities of the technologies between both time periods. The association between country and the availability of telephone consultations changed from strong (ES 0.5, P<.001) to weak (ES 0.2, P=.03), while the relationship between country and video consultations changed from moderate (ES 0.3, P<.001) to strong (ES 0.5, P<.001).
conclusionsOur study demonstrates the transformative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the availability of virtual consultations globally, and how practice-level factors, predominantly digital maturity, digital health training, and country, were associated with the availability of virtual consultations. Further exploration of drivers of availability, particularly at the national level, is needed to ensure sustained and effective implementation of virtual consultations. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/30099.
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