Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40104638›Full record

ArticleMaterials today. Bio2025

Enhanced efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors by folate-targeted multifunctional drug through synergistic therapy inducing ferroptosis and immunogenic cell death in bladder cancer.

Yibo Shi, Guangrui Fan, Enguang Yang, Yuanfeng Zhang, Hui Ding, Junqiang Tian, Liang Cheng, Hanzhang Wang, Tianzhi Hao, Baodui Wang and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Materials today. Bio, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Yibo ShiInstitute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Guangrui FanInstitute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Enguang YangInstitute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Yuanfeng ZhangInstitute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Hui DingInstitute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Junqiang TianInstitute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Liang ChengThe Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Albert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Hanzhang WangThe Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Albert Medical School of Brown University, Brown University Health, Providence, RI, USA.
Tianzhi HaoState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Baodui WangState Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Zhiping WangInstitute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Key Laboratory of Gansu Province for Urological Diseases, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, 730030, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: The research aims to elucidate the anti-tumor mechanism of the composite multifunctional folate-targeted drug DIFP-FA through sonodynamic therapy (SDT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), and chemotherapy, as well as its potential to augment immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy in bladder cancer (BC). Methods: DIFP-FA was synthesized Results: DIFP-FA, by incorporating doxorubicin and indocyanine green, leverages specific binding to folate receptors for precise targeting and efficient internalization into BC cells. DIFP-FA exhibits pH and ultrasound (US)-responsive cargo release properties, ensuring spatiotemporally controlled release. DIFP-FA induces reduced GPX4 and SLC7A11 expression and ferroptosis through the combination of SDT/CDT and chemotherapy. It also facilitates the transport and release of DAMPs, leading to immunogenic cell death (ICD). PDOs and PDX experiments demonstrated that DIFP-FA + US enhanced T lymphocyte infiltration in tumor tissues. Moreover, its combination with anti-PD-1 therapy effectively cleared immune-tolerant BC. Conclusions: DIFP-FA integrates SDT/CDT with chemotherapy to induce ferroptosis and ICD, efficiently eradicating tumors and activating the immune response, thereby enhancing the efficacy of ICB therapy.

Indexed as

Bladder cancerComposite multifunctional drugImmune checkpoint blockadeImmunogenic cell deathSynergistic therapy

Identifiers

PMID40104638
PMCPMC11919378

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.