Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40104022›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2025

Innovative liquid embolic agents based on deep eutectic solvent: Rapid gelation in situ via solvent exchange with water for endovascular embolization.

Yitong Zhou, Menghui Liu, Chuandong He, Jiayuan Lin, Yanlv Chen, Mingyu Yu, Yuhan Jiang, Xin Peng

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yitong ZhouGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
Menghui LiuDepartment of Radiology, Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Medical Imaging of Central South University, Furong Laboratory of Central South University, Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, PR China.
Chuandong HeGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
Jiayuan LinGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
Yanlv ChenGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
Mingyu YuDepartment of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
Yuhan JiangDepartment of Orthopedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
Xin PengGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Current liquid embolic agents face several challenges, including poor biocompatibility and vascular recanalization. Herein, we propose an innovative liquid embolic agent composed of a coenzyme-based polymer (poly lipoic acid, PLA) and a biocompatible solvent (deep eutectic solvent, DES). The agent undergoes phase transformation to form a stable hydrogel in situ through solvent exchange with water, thereby enabling safe and effective embolization. First, DES is obtained by heating a mixture of choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gly). Subsequently, lipoic acid (LA) is incorporated into the DES and heated to produce the PLA/DES complex. Owing to the strong hydrogen bonding between the DES and PLA, the DES acts as a solvent while also inhibiting PLA depolymerization. Upon contact with blood, most of the DES exchange with water, whereas some amount of ChCl integrates within the PLA via strong hydrogen bonding. This hydrogen bonding not only prevents PLA depolymerization but also reinforces the PLA network, resulting in a stable PLA hydrogel rather than depolymerized LA monomers. Furthermore, liquid-metal (LM) nanoparticles are incorporated to fabricate radiopaque PLA/LM/DES. PLA/LM/DES shows better in vitro hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility, milder inflammatory response in a rat model, and more effective and safer embolization in a rabbit model than a commercial embolic agent (Onyx). Thus, this work provides an innovative liquid embolic agent and broadens the biomedical applications of DES.

Indexed as

Deep eutectic solventIn situ gelationLiquid embolic agentPoly (lipoic acid) hydrogelsSolvent exchange

Identifiers

PMID40104022
PMCPMC11914998

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.