ArticlePakistan journal of medical sciences2025
Anxiety status in outpatients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Article in Pakistan journal of medical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Evaluation of the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and diabetes and other diseases: A retrospective study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Objectives: This study intended to determine the frequency of anxiety in outpatients of Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to evaluate its associated characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was accomplished from July 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023, at the Department of Endocrinology at Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar. The study comprised of individuals with T2DM who were at least 18 years of age and of either gender and who presented to the outpatient department for various reasons. The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was utilized to assess the respondents' level of anxiety. Results: A total of 306 patients with T2DM were enrolled, of whom, 116 (37.9%) were males and 190 (62.1%) were females. The mean age and HbA1c of the participants were 50.7 ± 11.2 years and 12.02 ± 2.03%. Majority (40.2%) of the participants had moderate anxiety while low anxiety and severe level of anxiety were reported by 30.4% and 29.4% participants, respectively. There was a statistically significant association of anxiety with gender, education, employment, family history, comorbidities, and HbA1c. Educated patients (OR=2.7, 95% CI 1.5 to 5.01 p=0.001), and those with comorbidities (OR= 2.3, 95% CI 0.91 to 5.98, p=0.01) had higher odds for occurrence of anxiety. Conclusion: Almost 70% of the outpatients of T2DM had moderate to severe anxiety, with most of the clinicodemographic characteristics as potential associated factors. It is crucial for informing clinical practice, enhancing patient care, and promoting better mental health outcomes in this population.
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