ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025
Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POx) as Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-Lipid Substitute for Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mitochondrial electron transport chain is essential for acute inflammatory stress responses in mouse fibroblasts.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Polyglycerol-Based Lipids: A Next-Generation Alternative to PEG in Lipid Nanoparticles for Advanced Drug Delivery Systems.Macromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Porogen-Mediated Barrier Control in Multilayered Drug-Eluting Antibacterial Films: Comparative Evaluation of PEG, PVP, and PEOx.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Engineering challenges and translational opportunities in emerging gene delivery platforms.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Extrahepatic Gene Editing In Vivo Using Organic Solvent-Free Lipid Nanoparticles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
- Deciphering the biological fate of mRNA-LNP-based biologics: A perspective from tissue to intracellular distribution.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The Role of Biofunctional Polymers in Polymer-Drug Conjugates: From Passive Carriers to Therapeutically Active Platforms.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- POx-Lipids as an Alternative to PEG-Lipids? Multimethod Assessment of Chemistry and Structure.Analytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Poly(sarcosine) Lipid Synthesis From COMacromolecular rapid communications · 2026Article
- Construction of Spleen-Accumulated Polysorbate 20-Containing Ionizable Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA Delivery.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advancing influenza virus treatment:Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- The Ubiquitous Use of Polyethylene Glycol in Pharmaceutical Design and Development: Technological Aspects and Future Perspectives.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A simple epoxide modification strategy to construct amino-functional poly(2-oxazoline) mRNA delivery vectors.Chemical science · 2025Article
- Platelet-derived biomimetic nanoplatforms: a promising drug delivery strategy for cardiovascular disease.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Emerging lipid nanoparticle systems capable of efficient intramuscular RNA delivery.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Implications of Anaphylaxis Following mRNA-LNP Vaccines: It Is Urgent to Eliminate PEG and Find Alternatives.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (POx) as Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-Lipid Substitute for Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
- PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Polyoxazolines have long been considered as promising alternatives to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) due to their comparable properties, in particular regarding their stealth effect toward the immune system. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), as utilized, e.g., in the COVID-19 vaccines, contain PEG-lipids. However, alternatives are required because of the "PEG dilemma" recognized by an increase in anti-PEG antibodies in the human population. In this study, poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (PEtOx)-based lipids with different degrees of polymerization are synthesized and subsequently used to formulate mRNA-loaded LNPs. The effect of polymer chain length on the size, immunoreaction, and transfection efficiency is investigated in detail. In addition, in-depth transfection studies are performed using super-resolution microscopy (SRM) to investigate the uptake mechanism of PEtOx-based LNPs in comparison to PEG-LNPs. These combined approaches are utilized to identify the best performing LNP, being superior to the commercial PEG-lipid used in the Comirnaty formulation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.