ReviewNeurourology and urodynamics2025
Advancing our Understanding of the Urothelium and Lamina Propria, Hormone Receptors, Vascular Supply, and Sensory Aspects of the Female Human Urethra.
Review in Neurourology and urodynamics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Vaginal aging: from concealed symptoms to defined biomarkers.npj aging · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveUrinary continence is important for women's health and wellbeing. The female urethra has been understudied and mechanisms of continence remain poorly understood. Our objective is to provide a summary of current knowledge of the epithelium and lamina propria, hormone receptors, vascular supply, and sensory aspects of the female urethra and highlight continued gaps in knowledge.
methodsIn October of 2020, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored a virtual seminar series entitled "Female Urethral Function and Failure: Advancing Basic and Translational Research for Genitourinary Conditions". We summarize the information presented during session 3 presentations, provide additional information from recent studies, and highlight continued gaps in knowledge.
resultsA sensory role for urethral mucosa seems apparent based on the dense innervation of sensory afferent neurons but how the sensory afferents contribute to continence remains poorly understood. There is a complex relationship with behavior that comes into play when evaluating the contribution of sex hormones to urinary physiology. We need to update our understanding of where hormone receptors are located in the female urinary tract. Many causes of impaired urethral blood flow are also common risk factors for urinary dysfunction but we don't know how vasculature contributes to continence. Altered afferent urethral function has been implicated in several disease states, but is largely understudied.
conclusionThere is much that remains to be learned about the urothelium and lamina propria, expression and influence of sex hormones and hormone receptors, vascular supply, and sensory aspects of the female urethra.
trial registrationNo new data was generated for this manuscript, no clinical trial was conducted, and therefore clinical trial registration was not necessary.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.