ReviewCancer medicine2025
The Kynurenine Pathway and Indole Pathway in Tryptophan Metabolism Influence Tumor Progression.
Review in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Research progress in metabolic reprogramming and targeting metabolic pathways for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Decoding the urinary metabolome of aromatic amino acid pathways in Alport syndrome.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Biochemically Constrained Multi-Omics Integration Reveals Protein-Metabolite Dependencies Across Diseases.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Metabolic rewiring of the dendritic cell-T cell axis: tumour-derived barriers and therapeutic opportunities.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in the Epigenetic Regulation of Redox Homeostasis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Branching architecture of tryptophan metabolism determines therapeutic vulnerability in acute myeloid leukemia.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Breaking the Efflux Barrier: P-Glycoprotein and Emerging Strategies to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Immunosenescence in systemic and multi-organ aging: mechanisms, inter-organ crosstalk, and translational opportunities.npj aging · 2026Review
- 20(S/R)-Ginsenoside Rh1 Alleviates AOM/DSS-Induced Colorectal Cancer: Gut-Microbiota Modulation and Tryptophan-Metabolism-Mediated AhR/PXR Activation and IDO1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Review
- Complement factor B deficiency promotes lung cancer progression via FOS-mediated tryptophan metabolism and immune suppression.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Gut Microbiota Biomarkers in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- [Analysis of urine biomarkers in urothelial carcinoma based on untargeted metabolomics].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2026Article
- Receptor-Mitochondria Crosstalk in the Kynurenine Metabolic Pathway: Integrating Metabolomics and Clinical Mass Spectrometry.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Metabolic Reprogramming Regulating Immunosuppression in the Gastric Cancer Tumor Microenvironment.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Immune remodeling of tumor-draining lymph nodes: mechanistic determinants of checkpoint blockade responsiveness.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut-heart axis at high altitude: a dynamic mediator from hypoxic dysbiosis to adaptive cardioprotection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- N4-acetylcytidine modification bridges metabolic reprogramming and immune evasion in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- The kynurenine pathway in depression and schizophrenia: convergent signals, divergent states, and clinical signatures.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, is solely acquired through dietary intake. It is vital for protein biosynthesis and acts as a precursor for numerous key bioactive compounds. The Kynurenine Pathway and the Indole Pathway are the main metabolic routes and are extensively involved in the occurrence and progression of diseases in the digestive, nervous, and urinary systems. In the Kynurenine Pathway, enzymes crucial to tryptophan metabolism, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2, and Trp-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO), trigger tumor immune resistance within the tumor microenvironment and nearby lymph nodes by depleting Trp or by activating the Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) through its metabolites. Furthermore, IDO1 can influence immune responses via non-enzymatic pathways. The Kynurenine Pathway exerts its effects on tumor growth through various mechanisms, including NAD+ regulation, angiogenesis promotion, tumor metastasis enhancement, and the inhibition of tumor ferroptosis. In the Indole Pathway, indole and its related metabolites are involved in gastrointestinal homeostasis, tumor immunity, and drug resistance. The gut microbiota related to indole metabolism plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness of tumor treatment strategies and can influence the efficacy of immunochemotherapy. It is worth noting that there are conflicting effects of the Kynurenine Pathway and the Indole Pathway on the same tumor phenotype. For example, different tryptophan metabolites affect the cell cycle differently, and indole metabolism has inconsistent protective effects on tumors in different regions. These differences may hold potential for enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
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