ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2025
Investigating the cortical effect of false positive feedback on motor learning in motor imagery based rehabilitative BCI training.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based task paradigms in stroke rehabilitation.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- GAH-TNet: A Graph Attention-Based Hierarchical Temporal Network for EEG Motor Imagery Decoding.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Brain-Computer Interfaces in Parkinson's Disease Rehabilitation.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundMotor imagery-based brain-computer interface (MI-BCI) is a promising solution for neurorehabilitation. Many studies proposed that reducing false positive (FP) feedback is crucial for inducing neural plasticity by BCI technology. However, the effect of FP feedback on cortical plasticity induction during MI-BCI training is yet to be investigated.
objectiveThis study aims to validate the hypothesis that FP feedback affects the cortical plasticity of the user's MI during MI-BCI training by first comparing two different asynchronous MI-BCI paradigms (with and without FP feedback), and then comparing its effectiveness with that of conventional motor learning methods (passive and active training).
methodsTwelve healthy volunteers and four patients with stroke participated in the study. We implemented two electroencephalogram-driven asynchronous MI-BCI systems with different feedback conditions. The feedback was provided by a hand exoskeleton robot performing hand open/close task. We assessed the hemodynamic responses in two different feedback conditions and compared them with two conventional motor learning methods using functional near-infrared spectroscopy with an event-related design. The cortical effects of FP feedback were analyzed in different paradigms, as well as in the same paradigm via statistical analysis.
resultsThe MI-BCI without FP feedback paradigm induced higher cortical activation in MI, focusing on the contralateral motor area, compared to the paradigm with FP feedback. Additionally, within the same paradigm providing FP feedback, the task period immediately following FP feedback elicited a lower hemodynamic response in the channel located over the contralateral motor area compared to the MI-BCI paradigm without FP feedback (p = 0.021 for healthy people; p = 0.079 for people with stroke). In contrast, task trials where there was no FP feedback just before showed a higher hemodynamic response, similar to the MI-BCI paradigm without FP feedback (p = 0.099 for healthy people, p = 0.084 for people with stroke).
conclusionsFP feedback reduced cortical activation for the users during MI-BCI training, suggesting a potential negative effect on cortical plasticity. Therefore, minimizing FP feedback may enhance the effectiveness of rehabilitative MI-BCI training by promoting stronger cortical activation and plasticity, particularly in the contralateral motor area.
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