ReviewCell communication and signaling : CCS2025
An examination of the LPS-TLR4 immune response through the analysis of molecular structures and protein-protein interactions.
Review in Cell communication and signaling : CCS, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Invasion of gut-derived escherichia coli extracellular vesicles exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Reprogramming macrophage mechanosensation via TRPV4 modulating mechano-immunotherapy controls fibrotic encapsulation of biomaterial implants.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Modulation of the gut microbiota by traditional Chinese medicine to attenuate chemotherapy-induced toxicity in gastric cancer: a review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Review
- Gut‑liver‑kidney axis: A systems biology framework for understanding and treating chronic kidney disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Klebsiella genus as driver of human disease: from infections to non-communicable disorders.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells from Cerdocyon thous: in vitro characterization and therapeutic potential.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- From Dysbiosis to Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption: The Metabolite-Mediated Gut-Brain Axis in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Gram-Negative Bacterial Overgrowth Predominated by: Potential Association with Intestinal Barrier Impairment and Inflammatory Diarrhea in Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Functional and Transcriptional Responses of Neutrophils from Dogs Living Under Different Housing Conditions Following In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Improving the Outcome of Brain-Injured Patients by Non-Continuous Feeding to Prevent Dysbiosis.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Ivangustin, a sesquiterpene lactone from Inula japonica Thunb., attenuates neuroinflammation through covalent inhibition of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2L3.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Combination GLP-1RA and Low-Dose IL-2 Modulates Peripheral Immune Activation and Attenuates CNS Inflammatory Transcript Signatures In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Tissue-Resident Macrophage in Inflammation and Cancer.MedComm · 2026Review
- Leuconostoc mesenteroides TH-ST373 Cell-Free Supernatant Against Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Marine-Derived Proteins: Individual Variability in Health Effects Across Protein Structure, Host Genetics, and Gut Microbiota.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Article
- MAP Crosslinker Chirality Regulates Macrophage Polarization Through MD-2 Engagement and Enables Tunable Immunomodulation Through Novel Peptide Design.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- LPS-Induced TNF-α and IL-1 Signaling in Periodontitis: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Artificial Versus Magneto-Aerotactic Bacterial Robots for Cancer Therapy.Micromachines · 2026Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The LPS-TLR4 immune response is a critical mechanism in the body's defense against Gram-negative bacterial infections, yet its dysregulation can lead to severe inflammatory diseases. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pivotal pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) on the surface of gram-negative bacteria, is recognized by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), initiating a complex cascade of immune responses. This review delves into the intricate molecular structures and protein-protein interactions that underpin the LPS-TLR4 signaling pathway, offering a comprehensive analysis of both extracellular recognition and intracellular signal transduction. We explore the roles of key molecules such as LBP, CD14, MD-2, and TLR4 in the initial recognition of LPS, followed by the downstream signaling pathways mediated by MyD88-dependent and MyD88-independent mechanisms. The MyD88-dependent pathway primarily activates NF-κB and AP-1, leading to macrophage M1 polarization and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, while the MyD88-independent pathway triggers IRF activation and type-I interferon production. By elucidating the structural basis and functional interactions of these signaling molecules, this review not only enhances our understanding of the LPS-TLR4 immune response but also highlights its implications in both infectious and non-infectious diseases. Our findings underscore the potential of targeting this pathway for therapeutic interventions, offering new avenues for the treatment of inflammatory and immune-related disorders.
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Registered trials
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