Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40102687›Full record

ArticleNature genetics2025

A structured coalescent model reveals deep ancestral structure shared by all modern humans.

Trevor Cousins, Aylwyn Scally, Richard Durbin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature genetics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Pan-African model explainsbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  16. Pervasive and recurrent hybridization prevents inbreeding in Europe's most threatened seabird.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Trevor CousinsDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Aylwyn ScallyDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0807-1167
Richard DurbinDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. rd109@cam.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1006

Funding

Wellcome TrustWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 108864/B/15/ZWellcome Trust (Wellcome) 207492/Z/17/Z
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Understanding the history of admixture events and population size changes leading to modern humans is central to human evolutionary genetics. Here we introduce a coalescence-based hidden Markov model, cobraa, that explicitly represents an ancestral population split and rejoin, and demonstrate its application on simulated and real data across multiple species. Using cobraa, we present evidence for an extended period of structure in the history of all modern humans, in which two ancestral populations that diverged ~1.5 million years ago came together in an admixture event ~300 thousand years ago, in a ratio of ~80:20%. Immediately after their divergence, we detect a strong bottleneck in the major ancestral population. We inferred regions of the present-day genome derived from each ancestral population, finding that material from the minority correlates strongly with distance to coding sequence, suggesting it was deleterious against the majority background. Moreover, we found a strong correlation between regions of majority ancestry and human-Neanderthal or human-Denisovan divergence, suggesting the majority population was also ancestral to those archaic humans.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenetics, PopulationModels, GeneticAnimalsGenome, HumanHumansMarkov ChainsNeanderthalsPopulation Density

Identifiers

PMID40102687
PMCPMC11985351

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.