Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40102623›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Chemical characteristics of groundwater and surface water affected by human activities in the upper Jinzi River Basin, China.

Xiaochen Zhang, Yongcheng Zhang, Yingjia Gui, Ruiyan Sun, Jun Li, Qi Wu, Yongkang Ding, Kang Chen

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaochen ZhangHebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
Yongcheng ZhangHebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
Yingjia GuiHebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
Ruiyan SunHebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
Jun LiHebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
Qi WuHebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China.
Yongkang DingXi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an, 710100, China.
Kang ChenHebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang, 050031, China. chenkang@hgu.edu.cn.

Funding

Geological Survey Project of China Geological Survey DD20160238National Natural Science Foundation of China 41502220Open Project Program of Hebei Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Sustainable Utilization of Water Resources and Optimization of Industrial Structure No. XTCX202401Research and Practice of Higher Education Teaching Reform Project of Hebei Education Department 2020GJJG224
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Water resources, as critical ecological and environmental assets, are essential to the social and economic development of countries and regions worldwide. The Jinzi River valley functions as a discharge area for industrial and domestic sewage from mining operations and residential communities along both banks. However, due to human activities, both groundwater and surface water in the region have been contaminated to varying extents. Multiple gold mines are located in the research area. Due to years of unregulated mining, this has had a serious impact on the local ecological environment and water quality. However, research on groundwater and surface water in this region, which are crucial components of the ecological environment, remains limited. This study integrates local socio-economic and hydrogeological conditions, employing methods such as multivariate statistical analysis, the Piper trilinear diagram, the Gibbs model, and ionic ratio relationships to analyze the characteristics and origins of major ions in the region. (1) The primary hydrochemical type of surface water was HCO

Indexed as

Chemical weatheringHydrochemistryIon ratioIon sourcesPrincipal component analysis (PCA)

Identifiers

PMID40102623
PMCPMC11920243

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.