Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40099830›Full record

ArticleMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2025

Seizure history and cognitive dysfunction in people with multiple sclerosis.

David E Freedman, Jiwon Oh, Cecilia Meza, Anthony Feinstein

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Epilepsy in MS and its association with cognitive and psychological burden.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinical
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

David E FreedmanDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0003-4340-3232
Jiwon OhDivision of Neurology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-5519-6088
Cecilia MezaDepartment of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Anthony FeinsteinDepartment of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0132-0909

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSeizures are associated with reduced cognition in the general population and worse outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Yet, it remains unclear whether seizures are linked to cognitive dysfunction in pwMS.

objectivesTo evaluate the connection between seizure history and poorer cognition in pwMS.

methodsA consecutive sample of 803 pwMS reported any prior seizures. Covariates included age, sex, Wechsler Test of Adult Reading scores, educational years, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores, disease duration, disease subtype, high-efficacy disease-modifying therapy use, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores for anxiety and depression and Modified Fatigue Impact Scale scores. Linear regression analyses, controlling for covariates, were undertaken to predict Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in MS scores from seizure history.

resultsMean age was 44.01 years (

conclusionsA seizure history independently predicts reduced cognition in pwMS.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionMultiple SclerosisSeizuresAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestscognitionMultiple sclerosisneuropsychologyoutcome measurementseizure

Identifiers

PMID40099830
PMCPMC12092947

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.