Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40099374›Full record

ArticleStroke2025

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Ischemic Stroke Severity in the National Inpatient Sample Between 2018 and 2021.

Mahmoud Fayed, Teng J Peng, Lesli E Skolarus, Kevin N Sheth, Ka-Ho Wong, Adam de Havenon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Stroke, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Mahmoud FayedDepartment of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.F., T.J.P.).ORCID 0000-0003-4775-4232
Teng J PengDepartment of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville (M.F., T.J.P.).ORCID 0000-0002-0576-1402
Lesli E SkolarusDepartment of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (L.E.S.).ORCID 0000-0002-3088-9838
Kevin N ShethDepartment of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.N.S., A.d.H.).ORCID 0000-0003-2003-5473
Ka-Ho WongDepartment of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT (K.-H.W.).ORCID 0000-0001-9597-8105
Adam de HavenonDepartment of Neurology, Center for Brain and Mind Health, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (K.N.S., A.d.H.).ORCID 0000-0001-8178-8597

Funding

Anticoagulation in ICH Survivors for Prevention and Recovery (ASPIRE)U01NS106513 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Hooman Kamel, Kevin Navin Sheth · 2019 to 2026
$20.6M
Recurrent Hemorrhagic Stroke in Minority PopulationsR01NS093870 · NINDS · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI JONATHAN ROSAND, Amytis Towfighi · 2016 to 2026
$12.3M
Social networks and risk of delayed arrival to the hospital during strokeR01MD016178 · NIMHD · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Amar Dhand, Kevin Navin Sheth · 2022 to 2026
$3.7M
The Recovery in Stroke Using PAP (RISE UP) StudyR01NR018335 · NINR · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI REDEKER, NANCY S, SHETH, KEVIN NAVIN · 2019 to 2023
$3.4M
Reach Out: Randomized Clinical Trial of Emergency Department-Initiated Hypertension Behavioral Intervention Connecting Multiple Health SystemsR01MD011516 · NIMHD · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI MEURER, WILLIAM JOSEPH, SKOLARUS, LESLI ELIZABETH · 2017 to 2020
$3.3M
Understanding Implications of End-of-life Preferences to Optimize Advance Care Planning Among Older AmericansR01AG059733 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI BURKE, JAMES FRANCIS, SKOLARUS, LESLI ELIZABETH · 2018 to 2022
$3.1M
Southern New England Partnership In Stroke Research, Innovation and Treatment (SPIRIT)U24NS107215 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI MARK Jay ALBERTS, Karen L Furie · 2018 to 2026
$3.0M
CAPTIVA-MRIUH3NS130228 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Sepideh Amin-Hanjani, Arindam Rano Chatterjee · 2025 to 2026
$2.8M
Advancing Community Connections and Calculating Risk to Optimize Stroke Survivorship (ACROSS)R01NS138072 · NINDS · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Lesli Elizabeth Skolarus · 2024 to 2026
$2.1M
Blood Pressure Variability and Ischemic Stroke Outcome (BP-VISO)R01NS130189 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Adam H. de Havenon · 2023 to 2026
$2.0M
CAPTIVA-MRIUG3NS130228 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI AMIN-HANJANI, SEPIDEH, CHATTERJEE, ARINDAM R. · 2023 to 2023
$1.9M
Improved glyburide therapy via acid- triggered release functional nanoparticles and therapeutic imagingR01NS110721 · NINDS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SHETH, KEVIN NAVIN, ZHOU, JIANGBING · 2019 to 2023
$1.9M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG059733NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD011516NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD016178NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD019124NINDS NIH HHS K23 NS105924NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS093870NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS110721NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS130189NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS138072NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS138995NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS106513NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS107136NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS107215NINDS NIH HHS U24 NS129500NINDS NIH HHS UG3 NS130228NINDS NIH HHS UH3 NS130228NINR NIH HHS R01 NR018335
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between race and ethnicity and ischemic stroke severity in the United States.

methodsWe performed an analysis of adult hospital discharges in the National Inpatient Sample from 2018 to 2021 with a primary discharge diagnosis of ischemic stroke. We stratified our cohort based on self-reported race and ethnicity and evaluated stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Age- and sex-adjusted estimates of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were derived from linear regression models.

resultsWe included 231 396 stroke discharges with a mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale of 6.5±7.2. The cohort was 68.1% White, 17.4% Black, 8.2% Hispanic, and 6.3% other. The age- and sex-adjusted National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale for White patients was 6.25 (95% CI, 6.22-6.29), for Black patients was 7.12 (95% CI, 7.05-7.19), for Hispanic patients was 6.86 (95% CI, 6.76-6.97), and for patients of other races and ethnicities was 7.29 (95% CI, 7.18-7.41). Further adjustment for the Charlson Comorbidity Index, socioeconomic factors, and poorly controlled hypertension or diabetes did not significantly alter these findings.

conclusionsIn a large, contemporary, and nationally representative sample of patients with acute ischemic stroke, we show an association between non-White race and ethnicity and higher stroke severity. These results are concerning for an underappreciated health disparity in acute ischemic stroke.

Indexed as

Health Status DisparitiesIschemic StrokeAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanEthnicityFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansInpatientsMaleMiddle AgedRacial GroupsSeverity of Illness IndexUnited Statesethnicityhealth inequitiesischemic strokestrokeUnited States

Identifiers

PMID40099374
PMCPMC12616868

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.