ArticleBMJ public health2025
Evaluation of the case fatality rate in 2 031 309 hospitalised Brazilian patients due to COVID-19: An observational study of the first 3 years of the pandemic in Brazil.
Article in BMJ public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mechanical Power as a Predictor of Outcomes During Mechanical Ventilation in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): An Updated Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Patients With Berardinelli-Seip and Silver-Russell Syndromes Hospitalized due to Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 in Brazil: A Four-Year Case Report Profile.Case reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Demographic and Clinical Profile of Patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Hospitalized Due to Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19: A Case Series of 13 Patients from Brazil.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, in Brazil, there has been a high rate of deaths, mainly among those who were hospitalised due to the disease and those who needed intensive care units (ICUs) and mechanical ventilation support. Methods: The study evaluated the hospitalised patients with COVID-19 as well as subgroups considering those hospitalised patients who needed ICU treatment and those who received invasive mechanical ventilation in an ICU. The risk of death was compared in these three groups with adjustments for gender, age, race and comorbidities. A multivariable analysis was performed to identify the main predictors of death. A hospitalised patient was considered COVID-19 positive if they had a positive real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or serological test, followed by a notification form completed by a health professional, usually a medical doctor. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the institution (Certificate of Presentation of Ethical Appreciation n° 67241323.0.0000.5514; Study Approval Technical Opinion n° 5.908.611). Results: The study evaluated 2 031 309 hospitalised individuals with COVID-19. The case fatality rate was 33.2% (673 527/2 031 309). The case fatality rate was even higher among those patients who required ICU (372 031/665 621; 55.9%) treatment with the need for invasive ventilation support (240 704/303 505; 79.3%). In the multivariable analysis, the male sex (OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.13-1.15), older age [61 to 72 years old (OR=2.43; 95% CI=2.41-2.46), 83 to 85 years old (OR=4.10; 95% CI=4.06-4.14) and+85 years (OR=6.98; 95% CI=6.88-7.07)], race [mixed individuals ( Conclusion: Although the number of daily deaths from the coronavirus dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, our retrospective analysis showed a higher case fatality rate in patients requiring ICU, mainly when using invasive ventilation, compared with the rest of the world.
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