ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2024
Exposure and response prevention versus risperidone for the treatment of tic disorders: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contemporary Perspectives on Neurobiology and Treatment of Tic Disorders: A Narrative Review.Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics (ORBIT-UK): protocol of a single cohort usability study.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Towards precision medicine in Tourette syndrome: a perspective on AI-driven predictive modelling and personalised care.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to directly compare behavior therapy (exposure & response prevention; ERP) with pharmacotherapy (risperidone) with respect to tic severity and quality of life in patients with Tourette's disorder or tic disorders. Method: A total of 30 participants were randomly assigned to either ERP (12 weekly 1-hour sessions) or risperidone (flexible dosage of 1-6 mg) with follow-up at 3 and 9 months after end of treatment. Outcome measures included tic severity as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, quality of life and side effects. Predefined informative hypotheses were evaluated using Bayes factors (BF), a Bayesian alternative for null hypothesis testing with p-values, that provides a more reliable and powerful method in the case of small samples. A BF larger than one indicates support for the informative hypothesis and the larger the BF, the stronger the support, with a BF between 3 and 10 being considered to provide moderate evidence. Results: Both ERP and Risperidone were found to be effective with respect to tic severity at end of treatment (BF 5.35). At 9 months follow-up, results remained stable (BF 4.59), with an advantage of ERP over Risperidone at 3 months follow-up (BF 3.92). With respect to quality of life, an effect was found for ERP (BF 3.70 at 3 months follow up; BF 3.08 at 9 months follow-up). Dropout rates were higher in the medication condition, mainly due to significantly more side effects halfway during treatment, fading out towards end of treatment. Discussion: Behavior therapy and medication are equally viable options in the treatment of tic disorders, with a slight preference for ERP based on follow-up results on tic severity and quality of life, and side effects. Clinical trial registration: https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/node/23410/pdf, identifier NL-OMON23410.
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