ArticleCureus2025
Prevalence, Pattern and Associated Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease From a Prospective Database of a Tertiary Eye Care Centre in Central India.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled prevalence of symptomatic dry eye and its associated factors among adults in Africa: (2016-2025) systematic review and meta-analysis study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Pooled it
- Yoga as a cost-effective adjunct therapy for dry eye: clinical outcomes from a 12-week randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern and associated risk factors with dry eye disease (DED) at a tertiary eye care centre in Central India. Methods This prospective cross-sectional study, conducted over 48 months, enrolled patients with systematic random sampling. Evaluation of DED was done with subjective and objective methods comprising of the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, slit lamp examination, Schirmer's tests and fluorescein tear-film breakup time (FTBUT) test. Patients were categorised into mild, moderate, severe and very severe DED. Association with various etiological factors like age, sex, occupation, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune disorders and any other systemic illness was assessed. The chi-square test/Fischer's exact test was used to analyse categorical data. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors. Results A total of 2,560 patients were evaluated, of which 640 patients (25%) had DED. Prevalence was higher in patients aged >50 years, household workers, students, government employees and farmers. Uncorrected refractive status, cigarette smoking, ocular allergy and contact lens usage were associated with increasing odds of developing DED. Conclusion The prevalence of DED was estimated to be 25% in central India. Certain occupations like household workers, students, government employees, farmers, uncorrected refractive status, cigarette smoking, ocular allergy and contact lens use were significant risk factors for dry eyes.
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