FAIR African brain data: challenges and opportunities.

Introduction: The effectiveness of research and innovation often relies on the diversity or heterogeneity of datasets that are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). However, the global landscape of brain data is yet to achieve desired levels of diversity that can facilitate generalisable outputs. Brain datasets from low-and middle-income countries of Africa are still missing in the global open science ecosystem. This can mean that decades of brain research and innovation may not be generalisable to populations in Africa. Methods: This research combined experiential learning or experiential research with a survey questionnaire. The experiential research involved deriving insights from direct, hands-on experiences of collecting African Brain data in view of making it FAIR. This was a critical process of action, reflection, and learning from doing data collection. A questionnaire was then used to validate the findings from the experiential research and provide wider contexts for these findings. Results: The experiential research revealed major challenges to FAIR African brain data that can be categorised as socio-cultural, economic, technical, ethical and legal challenges. It also highlighted opportunities for growth that include capacity development, development of technical infrastructure, funding as well as policy and regulatory changes. The questionnaire then showed that the wider African neuroscience community believes that these challenges can be ranked in order of priority as follows: Technical, economic, socio-cultural and ethical and legal challenges. Conclusion: We conclude that African researchers need to work together as a community to address these challenges in a way to maximise efforts and to build a thriving FAIR brain data ecosystem that is socially acceptable, ethically responsible, technically robust and legally compliant.