ReviewDrug design, development and therapy2025
Regulation and Function of the cGAS-STING Pathway: Mechanisms, Post-Translational Modifications, and Therapeutic Potential in Immunotherapy.
Review in Drug design, development and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Uncovering Necroptosis in Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review of Evidence Across Experimental Models.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Research trends of protein palmitoylation in cancer from 2004 to 2024: a bibliometric and visualization analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- The cGAS-STING pathway: mechanistic basis, dual biological functions and translational therapeutic advances.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026Review
- Single-cell and machine learning identify a trihydroxybutyrylation-related prognostic signature in esophageal cancer.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING axis: A central regulator of neural homeostasis and neuroinflammatory pathogenesis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- PROTAC-mediated regulation of programmed cell death: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic breakthroughs.Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.)) · 2026Review
- Current Perspectives on STING Agonists for Anticancer Drug Development.Chemical biology & drug design · 2026Review
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Molecular Characterization of Ovarian Endometriosis in Saudi Arabian Women: Insights into Inflammatory, Autophagic, and Epigenetic Dysregulation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Immune landscape of melanoma: Tumor microenvironment, resistance mechanisms, and predictive biomarkers.World journal of clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Astrocytic SIRT3 Alleviates Neuroinflammatory Responses After Cerebral Ischemia/reperfusion by Inhibiting the cGAS-STING Pathway.Inflammation · 2026Article
- The cGAS-STING pathway in cancer immunotherapy: prognostic value and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Palmitoylation reprograms the intestinal mucosal barrier microenvironment: potential mechanisms and promising therapeutic targets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-activating nanomedicines: Translating innate immune modulation into effective therapy for triple-negative breast cancer.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- The Roles of ProteinCancer communications (London, England) · 2026Review
- Metabolic and post-translational modifications in sepsis-associated immune dysfunction: a conceptual framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Dual regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway: new targets and challenges for subtype-specific immunotherapy in breast cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Targeting the cGAS-STING pathway: emerging strategies and challenges for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- cGAS-STING Targeting Offers Novel Therapeutic Opportunities in Liver Diseases.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases arise when the immune system attacks healthy tissues, losing tolerance for self-tissues. Normally, the immune system recognizes and defends against pathogens like bacteria and viruses. The cGAS-STING pathway, activated by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), plays a key role in autoimmune responses. The cGAS protein senses pathogenic DNA and synthesizes cGAMP, which induces conformational changes in STING, activating kinases IKK and TBK1 and leading to the expression of interferon genes or inflammatory mediators. This pathway is crucial in immunotherapy, activating innate immunity, enhancing antigen presentation, modulating the tumor microenvironment, and integrating into therapeutic strategies. Modulation strategies include small molecule inhibitors, oligonucleotide therapies, protein and antibody therapies, genetic and epigenetic regulation, cytokine and metabolite modulation, and nanoscale delivery systems. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the cGAS-STING pathway, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, methylation, palmitoylation, and glycosylation, fine-tune immune responses by regulating protein activity, stability, localization, and interactions. These modifications are interconnected and collectively influence pathway functionality. We summarize the functions of cGAS-STING and its PTMs in immune and non-immune cells across various diseases, and explore potential clinical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.